My Experience At Lambertville Academy - 1537 Words

I did my summer fieldwork at Lambertville Academy in Lambertville, NJ, where I observed a Pre-K class. All of the students in this class will be moving on to Kindergarten in September. I’m grateful for the things I learned and the time I spent in this placement. My time at Lambertville Academy allowed me to better understand the theories taught in the early childhood education class I took, as well as myself and my goals as a future educator. This fieldwork gave me the chance to actualize the role of child development in early childhood education, a central topic to the class I took. I saw this when observing the varying levels of development of the children, cognitively and socially. One particular memory that sticks with me was when I†¦show more content†¦She was also well spoken and could follow directions well. It was interesting to see such a stark contrast in the development of the children in this class. There were students like Brooke in this class, and there were also students like the girls who played the memory game with her, students who could not control their bodies or their actions, and students whose speech was nearly incomprehensible. The importance of the hidden curriculum of school and learning social etiquette stuck out to me in this placement. Though there was a range of development in the class, and some students proved to understand proper social etiquette more than others, many children were not aware of social etiquette and were not fully able to control their bodies and emotions. I noted that many times the children would try to run around or move however they like and talk out of turn without realizing that that is not socially acceptable and that there are consequences for doing so. The teacher would often say, â€Å"no thank you, ______† to the student that was displaying behavior that was unacceptable. I liked that she would praise students publicly for good behavior, saying things like â€Å"I like the way that Maggie is sitting up, looking at me, and keeping her hands to herself.† Something else that stuck out to me when examining the social environment of the class was the emergence o f a clique that my cooperating teacher pointed out to me one day during outdoor play time. She

The United States And Latin America - 1362 Words

When looking at the history between the United States and Latin America, you see many interactions between them, all that aided the relationship that they have today. Despite that the United States and Latin America are in the same part of the world, the beliefs in which they govern may differ. This difference has often been seen playing a major role in the disputes that have occurred in past. The United States and Latin America have faced many social, economical and governing barriers in forming a strong and positive relationship in the early twentieth century, this is due to the differences that the two had between cultures and the constant demand for power. However, the two countries have found ways to meet in the middle of their cultural differences, to form an equally fair relationship. At the start of the 19th century, just a few years prior to the end of the Spanish-American War, Latin America was left with a poor economy and in debt. The United States believed that they could help Latin America, while helping themselves out at the same time. The â€Å"Dollar Diplomacy† was introduced in 1904 by the United Sates and went into place in 1909. It was used mostly during presidency William Howard Taft’s from 1910 to 1913 The â€Å"Dollar Diplomacy† had the United States pay the debts that Latin America had to other countries from previous loans. In return the United States had an opportunity to sell American goods in the Latin America market, which would unknowingly expand AmericanShow MoreRelatedThe United States and Latin America Essay2618 Words   |  11 Pagesattitudes towards Latin America can be summed up as an extension of larger global directives, and the exclusion of foreign powers in the region. This was highlighted especially during the Cold War as US involvement was essentially in competition with the USSR. 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In order to realize current objectives, this paper will proceed as follows: Part 1 will define the Monroe Doctrine, Sections 2, 3, 4, and 5 will concurrentlyRead More Training Ground For Murderers Essay1749 Words   |  7 PagesTraining Ground For Murderers Continued U.S. support for the School of the Americas, an institution that has trained dictators and political assassins, is completely unjustifiable. At seven o’ clock in the morning on December 11, 1981 an evil force entered the small El Salvadorian village of El Mezote (School of Assasins). With painted faces and army fatigues, the guerillas carried machine guns and automatic rifles into the peaceful village. As survivor Rufina Amaya recounts, â€Å"At ten o’clockRead More US-Latin America Essay1400 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, the United States was the most dominant power in the Western Hemisphere. European nations conceded to the United States their right of any intervention in the Western Hemisphere and allowed the United States to do whatever they wanted. The United States took this newly bestowed power and abused it. The United States intervened in many Latin American countries and imposed their policies on to these countries against their will. A perfect example

Integrated Marketing Communication Strategy- My Assignment Help

Question: An integrated marketing communication plan needs to be developed for a company which i have selected. They have provided a brief of the company overview and the product in which is focuses on. The report format has been created but content not completed. Some notes have been made which can be used in the assignment. Answer: Introduction This report is about Blackmore Limited which manufactures and markets the diet and vitamin supplements. Blackmore Limited is mainly based in Australia but currently provides its services in various countries in all over the world. Currently, the market of Blackmore Limited is decreasing continuously, thus, this report is basically for developing an integrated marketing communication plan for the Blackmore Limited. Does The Intricacy of The Topic Intimidate You? Tame Your Fear with Unmatched Assignment Help Services from Professional Writers. This report discusses about the current situation of Blackmore Limited in the market. The current situation of the market helps in developing the objectives for integrated marketing communication. On the basis of objectives for ICM, a master plan is developed. This plan will help in fulfilling the objectives of the ICM for the Blackmore Limited (Forbes, 2014). The evaluation of the campaign is also necessary as this defines the efficiency and success rate of ICM plan in the market. The budget of the total campaign is around $340,000. Situational Analysis Summary Blackmore is a company that manufactures Vitamin supplements as well as the Dietary supplements. This company works in various countries all over the world. The company basically works only in the Vitamin supplements. It also manufactures and provides the Dietary supplements. The products of the organization are adopted by most of the people in Australia. But there is a high competition in the Australian market for Dietary supplements. There are various companies which provides these supplements in the market (CFA Institute, 2012). The main Dietary supplement provider companies in the market are Swisse, Blackmore, Cenovis, Natures Way, Berocca etc. These companies are most popular companies for the Vitamin supplements in Australian market. The following diagram shows the competitive situation in the market. Figure : Market Analysis of Dietary and Vitamin supplements in Australia (Retail World, 2012). According to the report published by the Retail World, in 2011, Blackmore Limited covered 20% and was on the first position in the market, but in 2012, it went down by 3% and was covering 17% of the overall market in Australia and fell down to the second position in the market. The next competitors in the market are Cenovis and Natures Way which covered 14.6% of the market (Retail World, 2011). According to the Readers Digest magazine of 2014, Blackmore is the most trusted brand in Diet and vitamin supplements. Figure: Revenue By Geographic segments (CFA Institute, 2012) The above figure shows a pie chart of the geographic segments of Blackmore in the year 2012. In year 2012, 76.9% of the market of Blackmore was covered in Australia, 9.4% of the market was covered in Thailand, 5.8% of the market was covered by Malaysia, and 5.1% of the market was covered by Asia and 1.9% by New Zealand. Thus, the above report provides the market segmentation of Blackmore Limited. SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis of Blackmore is as follows . Strengths Weaknesses 1. Blackmore has strong brand name in Australian Market. 2. Blackmore is the most trusted brand of Diet and Vitamin Supplement according to the Readers digest. 3. The Prices of Blackmore supplements are not too high. 4. Blackmore is one of the oldest brand of diet and vitamin supplements in Australia working from last 80 years. 5. The supply chain of Blackmore is highly efficient (CAAD, 2014). 6. Customers can directly deal with the warehouses of the Blackmore. 7. Currently, it is the number 1 brand in Malaysia and Thailand for vitamin supplements. 1. The operational strategy of Blackmore is not defined clearly. Blackmore uses the common operational strategies. 2. The distribution channel of Blackmore is very limited. Only three retail stores sell 57% of the Blackmore products. Opportunities Threats 1. Blackmore has opened online retail store which may result in increase in sales for the Blackmore. 2. Blackmore has expended in Asia also. It has launched its products in the Mainland China. 3. Blackmore also launched the products related to the pet care. 1. There is a very high competition in the Australian market for Diet and Vitamin supplements. 2. Competitors have increased their marketing market activity in the market. 3. The chemists may ask for the lower prices for adopting the discount strategy (CAAD, 2014). Thus, the current situation of the market is described, which shows the current situation of Blackmore in the Australian market. This also describes the SWOT analysis of Blackmore in Australian market. Communications Objectives According to the current situation of the company, it can be clearly said that the market position of the company is really well in the market but it decreases from the previous years. Blackmore mainly covers its most of the market in Australia. So, the company needs to develop some strategy to its market in Australia. From the SWOT analysis it can be clearly said that Blackmore is a well-known brand in the Australian market but if the marketing strategy is not clearly prepared than it may cause various problems for the company as it is clear from the SWOT analysis that the operational strategy of Blackmore is too common and not well structured. It should also be noted that the competition in the Australian market is increasing every year for diet and vitamin supplements and competitors in the market are actively participating in making their marketing strategy perfect (Retail world, 2012). Thus, Blackmore should also concentrate on their marketing strategy and should set their commu nication objectives by considering all the above points. SMARTT Communication objectives According to the current situation analysis of Blackmore communication, the SMARTT communication strategy should be as follows: At the end of year 22% of the Australian market should be covered by Blackmore with its Diet and Vitamin supplement products. This target audience should consider Blackmore products for some benefits. According to the above objective, it can be said that it uses the learn- dofeel effect hierarchy (Retail world, 2011). In this hierarchy model, the consumers develop their belief in the brand. This is done by searching information about the product and brand. This also develops the attitude of the customers towards the purchase of the products. 15% of the people from the market should prefer Blackmore products as Diet and vitamin supplements. This uses the Liking- Prefer hierarchy effects as these, in this type of hierarchy, people already like the products but they prefer it by experiencing the product. Success of this hierarchy depends on the effectiveness of the product otherwise the results may be seen opposite (Retail world, 2011). The other objective of Blackmore should be attracting new users which never used the Blackmore products. This objective is also related to the learn-do-feel hierarchy. As the consumers dont have any interest in this product, thus, the advertising should be done by repetitive messages and various offers should be provided to the users so that the users get attracted towards the product. The final objective of Blackmore should include outstanding starting of the new pet caring product (Retail world, 2012). This objective also uses the strategy learn-feel-do hierarchy as this product will also be new in the market. Thus, for getting attention of the people, the repetitive message marketing should be performed and various types of offers should also be provided to the consumers. Thus, the above communication objective should be set by the Blackmore Limited for the next year to retain its position in this competitive market. Creative Strategy Creative strategy actually is the strategy related to determination of what information should be provided in the advertising message. The tagline of this campaign will be the Stay healthy, Stay strong as this tagline suits the products of Blackmore Limited. Overall campaign will be based on the above tagline as this tagline is according to our objective which will attract new customers as well as help in retaining the old customers (Forbes, 2014). The campaign is created to increase the awareness of the Diet and vitamin supplements products for the Blackmore Limited. This campaign will result in the improved brand image of Blackmore. This will also result in the increase in the market covered by Blackmore. This campaign will basically target the people of age more than 20 years old as these people use the diet and vitamin supplements mostly. According to our assumption, 10% of the people in the overall market prefer the products of the Blackmore. According to those people, Blackmore products are highly effective and efficient. 7% of the people think that these supplements can be used when other better options are not available in the market. 2% of the people in market have the negative experience about Blackmore products and remaining people have never used the Blackmore products available in the market (Sullivan, 2012). We would like customers to think that the Blackmore supplements as the best Diet and vitamin supplements available in the market. People should prefer the Blackmore products more than any other products. The main idea behind this campaign will be to connect more people with the Blackmore products through various online and offline events. The customers should believe in the products of Blackmore as Blackmore is one of the oldest diet and vitamin supplement provider of Australia. The organization has provided its best services in the market with highly satisfied consumers (Retail world, 2012). The products of the organization are highly trusted by the consumers. The advertisement of the campaign will include the overall information about the organization, details of the products related to the organization, effectiveness of the products, speciality of the products. A special attractive column for the new pet care products will also be provided in the messages to create awareness about those products in the market. The main marketing tools that will be used in the campaign will be the Advertising, public relations and direct marketing. Advertising will help in creating the awareness of the product among the people. This will create a raw image of product among the people. Public relations will be used to popularise the brand in the market as well getting the feedback about the product so that the product can be improved every time to increase the trust of people in Blackmore products. Direct marketing will be done for two purposes (Sullivan, 2012). This will help in getting the people response towards the products of Blackmore and secondly, it will help in increasing the trust of people. Media Strategy Online Media The main promotional tool that should be used in campaign will be the online marketing. Currently, online marketing is the most effective and affordable way of marketing. Online social media covers half part of the world. The main online tools that will be used for the campaign will be the social media marketing. The main channels of the social media marketing will be Facebook, YouTube and Twitter (CFA Institute, 2012). The following table provides an image of the market covered by the different social media Social media Platform Market Covered (%) Facebook 55% Google+ 25% YouTube 22% Twitter 22% Table: Market covered by different social media platforms (Forbes, 2014). All the above social media provides both paid and unpaid marketing facilities. 2% increment in the market will be performed by paid services and 0.5% of the market increment will be performed by the unpaid marketing. Email marketing also comes under the online media. 1% of the market increment will be targeted through the email marketing. These ways can be used for both side communications. Broadcasting on Channels and hoardings These are the most expensive methods of marketing but are also very effective way of marketing (Sullivan, 2012). These marketing methods include the broadcasting of advertisements on the various television channels which are more popular in the market and are mostly seen by the people. This is also a great way to reach most of the people in a country. Hoardings also attract the people on road. The best way of performing hoarding marketing is to put the hoarding on most busy circle. People stuck in the traffic used to see these hoarding very carefully for time pass (Retail world, 2011). Thus, these ways of media communication will also be used. Nearly 2% of the increase in market will be performed by these ways of marketing. These ways can be used by only one side communication. Printed media The printed media that will be used are the most read newspapers, magazines, templates etc. These can also be used to cover large amount of people and can also be used for the one sided communication. Nearly 0.35% of the market will be increased using these tools of marketing. Events Various small events in which the customer executive will directly communicate with the people will be used as these media. These events will be basically organized in the shopping malls, fairs and any other crowded place (Retail world, 2012). This will help in knowing the customers perspective directly and the attitude of the customers towards the product can be identified more effectively and efficiently. This will cover fewer people but is a most effective way of both side communications. 0.15% market will be increased by this way. Samples- two mock ups The following are the two mock up samples for the Alive brand of Blackmore (Retail world, 2012). Figure : Stockist Incentives for Alive Campaign (Sullivan, 2012) Figure: POS activity for Alive (Sullivan, 2012) The above figures are the two sample mock ups for the integrated marketing communication. These mock ups are clearly describing the objectives of the marketing campaign. Campaign Evaluation The campaign will be evaluated both before the campaign, while the campaign and after the campaign. The first step of evaluation includes the concept testing. The effectiveness rough idea that is going to be the brand or campaign concept will be measured (Sullivan, 2012). This will help in assuring that the concept is appropriate for the campaign. There are three steps in concept testing. Testing concept and Creative strategies Copy testing to predict effects, and Testing for persuasion measurement. First step of concept testing is performed by intercept surveys and focusing on groups. The second step of concept testing is performed by attention, Emotional responses, brand awareness and physiological responses. The third step of testing is performed by Theatre test, Test marketing and tracking various studies related to integrated marketing communication (Retail world, 2012). Theatre testing is one of the effective ways of evaluating the concept. In this testing, various people will be invited to the location and the campaign sample will be shown to the people to evaluate their responses. In test marketing, a research test will be organized. In this test, the IMC campaign will be run in 2 to 4 markets and the response of the people will be examined. All the above evaluation will be performed before the campaign (CAAD, 2014). The tests which will be performed during the campaign is concurrent testing. Concurrent testing is a test that will track the performance of campaign and messages used in the campaign. For concurrent testing, various surveys will be performed for getting the performance of the organised campaign. These surveys will help in getting the users experience in the campaign (Sullivan, 2012). Various interviews will also be performed for testing the response of the campaign. The testing which will be performed after the campaign will be the evaluative testing. In evaluative testing, the end result of the campaign will be examined. Whether the end result will be fulfilling the objectives of the campaign or not. The success of IMC program is evaluated using this test. This testing will help in improving the next campaign (CAAD, 2014). Thus, the above evaluation is necessary for any campaign to be successful. These evaluations help in enhancing the performance of any campaign. Evaluations before and during the campaign will help in present campaign while the evaluation after the campaign will help in making the strategy for next campaign (Forbes, 2014). Budget The budget for the above described campaign is as follows: Budget for online Media Social media marketing Facebook Campaigning $5,000 Google+ Campaigning $2,500 YouTube Campaigning $2,000 Twitter Campaigning $2,000 Total Social media campaigning $11,500 Email Marketing $1,000 Google Ad words $750 SEO marketing $2,000 Other online marketing Campaigning $2,000 Total budget required for online marketing $17,250 Budget for TV channels broadcasting and Hoardings V. channel broadcasting $100,000 Hoarding $75,000 Total budget required $175,000 Budget Required for Printed media Newspaper $10,000 Magazines $10,000 Templates $500 Total budget required for printed media $20,500 Budget Required for events Total Budget for events $100,000 Other Budgets $20,000 Total budget required for full campaign $332750 Thus, the budget required for the full campaign is around $332750. Conclusion The above report is the result of various studies and research. According to the above report, it can be concluded that Blackmore Limited deals with the products related to diet and vitamin supplements which can be taken as medicines for fulfilling the essential components like Vitamins. By seeing the performance of the company for year 2011 and 2012, it can be said that Blackmore popularity is decreasing (Forbes, 2014). Thus, it is very necessary to build an integrated marketing communication campaign for Blackmore Limited which will help Blackmore in gaining the market again. The IMC campaign for Blackmore will be done by performing the proper planning of campaign. The planning of IMC campaign will include the various sources like online media, T.V. channel broadcasting and hoardings, printed media and various other types of events which will create the awareness about the Blackmore products among the people (CFA Institute, 2012). Thus, this campaign will aim to create the awareness of Blackmore products among the people so that Blackmore can gain its defined objectives. References Sullivan, A. (2012). Blackmore Alive! Trade Presenter [online]. Retail World (2011). Annual Report 2011, retail world Vol. 64 23(4) pp. 81-82 Retail World (2012). Annual Report 2012, retail world Vol. 65 23(4) pp. 81-82 CAAD (2014). Integrate Marketing evaluation [online]. Forbes (2014). Watch out Facebook with Google + #2 and YouTube at #3 [online]. CFA Institute (2012). Blackmore Limited [online]

The Strange Utopia of The Giver Givers Essay Example For Students

The Strange Utopia of The Giver Givers Essay The Strange Utopia of The Giver Imagine living in a world where you cant choose your job, where at the age of twelve you are assigned an occupation by some group of elders. Imagine a world in which you cant choose that special person to be your wife or husband, a world where nobody is special. Visualize a place where you cant have your own children, where you have to take care of somebody elses children. In The Giver by Louis Lowry, this place exists every day. Its a perfect world, a utopia. A job is, for many people, one of the most important parts of their life. If its so important, you have to enjoy it, and to enjoy it, you have to choose it yourself. In this utopia, created in The Giver you dont get to do that. Other people choose the activity you are going to do for the rest of your life. For example, Fiona was assigned Caretaker of The Old, a job she really wanted, but dont you think that maybe later in her life, she could change her mind and not want to do her job anymore? She cant do that because she lives in a world where she doesnt have a choice, where she cant run her own life. You have the power to think what you want. No matter what the circumstance is. No one can tell you what to think, you have a mind of your own, and repressing your thoughts wont do any good at all. I want to give you a quote from the book. I heard about a guy who was absolutely sure he was going to be an engineer and instead he was assigned sanitation laborer. He jumped into the river and swam to the closest community, no one saw him again. This demonstrates that the elders can be wrong. People defending Sameness can say that all the jobs are made for the people getting them and that they will like them and be an active part of the community. I am going to respond to that with a life story. Before I was twelve, all I wanted to do is be an architect. I always spent my time sketching buildings and structures, and if I would have been assigned a job it would have been that of an architect. Later when I turned 13, I knew I wanted to be a lawyer; I dont know what made me change my mind, but the point is, this can happen to anyone and it demonstrates that people can be wrong, even the Elders. People change over time. As people change, their choices change. If this is true, shouldnt we be free to demonstrate when we change our minds with actions? Oscar Wilde once said, A world without love is like a sunless garden where flowers are dead. Picture a world where you cant feel anything for anyone, where you cant love your friends or your parents, where you cant have a girlfriend because you are assigned a wife. The first human principle is that of choice. In this case the choice of the person who will be next to you for the rest of your life. The premise of the community is that people can be perfectly matched, but as I mentioned before, people can change their minds and likings from one day to another. They can start to dislike each other. In life, sometimes two people think they are made for each other and get married, but after a few years, sometimes after decades, they get divorced. Why? Because theyve changed and they dont longer want to be together. A very good example of incompatibility is my parents. My father is twenty years older than my mother, they grew up in different places, at different times and they dont like the same things. They have been happily married for 22 years and they havent had a single serious problem in those years. .u83656301529a71462b1e76ace2d16639 , .u83656301529a71462b1e76ace2d16639 .postImageUrl , .u83656301529a71462b1e76ace2d16639 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u83656301529a71462b1e76ace2d16639 , .u83656301529a71462b1e76ace2d16639:hover , .u83656301529a71462b1e76ace2d16639:visited , .u83656301529a71462b1e76ace2d16639:active { border:0!important; } .u83656301529a71462b1e76ace2d16639 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u83656301529a71462b1e76ace2d16639 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u83656301529a71462b1e76ace2d16639:active , .u83656301529a71462b1e76ace2d16639:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u83656301529a71462b1e76ace2d16639 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u83656301529a71462b1e76ace2d16639 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u83656301529a71462b1e76ace2d16639 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u83656301529a71462b1e76ace2d16639 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u83656301529a71462b1e76ace2d16639:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u83656301529a71462b1e76ace2d16639 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u83656301529a71462b1e76ace2d16639 .u83656301529a71462b1e76ace2d16639-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u83656301529a71462b1e76ace2d16639:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Child Abuse Essay This union wouldnt have had a chance in Jonas community because they simply wouldnt have been assigned to each other. Love like my parents .

Actions that the MLRO of BCD should take The WritePass Journal

Actions that the MLRO of BCD should take Introduction Actions that the MLRO of BCD should take ]. Cases C v S [1999] 2 All ER 343 Governer Company of the Bank of Scotland v A Ltd [2000] Lloyd’s Rep Bank 271, 287 K Ltd v National Westminster Bank plc [2007] 1 WLR 311 R (on the application of UMBS Online Ltd [2007] WL 1292620 SHAH and another v HSBC private bank (UK) Ltd (2009) EWHC 79 (QB) Squirrell Limited v National Westminster Bank plc (Customs and Excise Commissioners intervening [2006] 1 WLR 637

The Call of the Wild Summary by Jack London †Literature Essay

The Call of the Wild Summary by Jack London – Literature Essay Free Online Research Papers The Call of the Wild Summary by Jack London Literature Essay The Gold Rush in the Yukon and Alaska has prompted the need for big strong dogs to pull sleds over icy trails. A large and strong dog named Buck, living in the sun-kissed Santa Clara Valley, California, is exactly people want. Manuel, the assistant of the gardener of Buck’s master – Judge Miller, is in need for money, thus he kidnaps Buck and sells him on the black market. Buck is given to a saloon-keeper and then transported to the Northland. Buck is insulted during the trip and has worked himself into a rage. He decides to start revenge when he meets the Red Sweater. However, the painful encounters with the club push Buck into submission. He begins to learn some laws of the primitive world. Later Buck is sold to two Canadians, Francois and Perrault, with the other two dogs: Dave and Curly. While in camp, Curly is killed when she tries to show friendliness to a husky. After the experience Buck understands the law of the club and fang which dominates the new life he is headed for. He resolves never to go down in that manner. Buck and Dave join a preexisting dog team led by Spitz, a husky. By the time they are on their way to Dawson, Alaska and Skaguay, Buck learns a lot and starts to become wilder. As the power grows, he is ready to take Spitz’s place and be a new leader. Therefore, while the hunting of a rabbit one day, the two end up with a fighting to the death. Spitz is killed and Buck gets his mastery. Right after the fight, Buck â€Å"fights† for his leading position in the team with Francois. It is victorious when he finally takes the position, because Buck earns his right and no longer allows human to decide his fate completely. They are equal. When the government work is done, Buck, together with other dogs which are toiled to death, is sold to an imbecile group of people without any knowledge to survive the primitive land, Hal, Charles and Mercedes. Many dogs die because of the mistreating of their masters. Fortunately, Buck is saved by John Thornton and later becomes his favorite pet. Buck adores his master very much. Hence he does a number of miraculous deeds for him – saves his life twice and earns a large amount of money to pay off his debts. He enjoys the life with John though longing for the primitive world subconsciously. While his master is working for gold on the mine, Buck muses on the call he hears during the night in the forest. Eventually he starts to sleep away from the camp and embraces his instincts and wild tendencies. After his master, without Buck’s protection, is killed by the invading Yeehats, Buck feels no more nostalgia for mankind and returns to the primitive land where he has been longing for. He finally answers the call of the wild. * Jack London’s novel, The Call of the Wild, is the most successful work that describes the life of the Alaska dogs in the history of literature. The novel has reflected some of London’s early wishes, which were formed during his childhood, and later developed in his later experiences. The shadow of his early experiences never goes out of his mind. In psychological point of view, one might get a strong sense of struggling in such living conditions. Therefore, most of London’s novels are about this theme – struggle to survive the tough reality. (Such as The Call of the Wild, White Fang, The Sea Wolf.) In his stories, Jack seems to show us the inner part of the animals, like the dogs, human’s loyal friends, have their innate wild instinct and acquired tameness; And a primitive world which has the overwhelming power of nature over human beings. In the primitive world, one has to struggle to survive the harsh environment; the animals are of no exceptions. As Buck, he is stolen and sold to be a sledge dog in the frozen North, thus he must try every means to adapt the cruel life. The characters in his novels have to depend on the nature to survive. And nature is sometimes their friend and sometimes their enemy. The strong will of surviving of the characters in his novels show the solid part of human and animal’s vitality?With the plot of the stories, he also discusses the delicate relationship in the nature – thus the stronger beat the weaker. At that time, the American people were facing the hard times in which the fittest survives. Thus Jack London’s novel was a great success after published because many people found it the origin of their energy. In The Call of the Wild, London may want to describe an ideal character that struggles against the tough living conditions and becomes more mature through the struggling. Buck, the main character of the novel, a strong and intelligent dog with human tendencies and dignity, fight against his fate in the harsh environment. The important reason for Buck to manage his struggling is his remarkable ability of learning and his control over his emotions – he experiences sensation and transforms it into cold and logical response. However, there is an utter lack of analyzing in his mind at first. The confrontation with the Red Sweater is a turning point which forces Buck to realize the primitive law. Buck’s experiences reveal the complicated relationship between nature and human. We are in awe of nature’s great power and challenge it a lot in order to â€Å"survive†. However we do not realize that there are various ways to survive the nature. â€Å"Challenge and conquer† may not be the only way. Like Buck in the novel, he finally merges into the nature and thus lives in harmony with the primitive creatures. This is the right attitude towards nature – to keep a balance. Furthermore, there are a lot of metaphors in the novel. From the macro perspective, nature to Buck is like what society to Jack London. Both the human and the dog have been through the struggling against their living conditions: Buck (ideally) achieves his goal – he heeds the call and returns to the primitive lands where he belongs; while poor London still doesn’t know what the future is like when he finishes the draft of the novel, and finally lives with debts, alcoholism, illness and fear of losing his creativity for the rest of his life. And from the micro perspective, Spitz may bea metaphor for London’s political opponents because he tries to provoke Buck for several times and menaces the security of Buck. It may just like the situation of London when he was a member of the Socialist Party. However, Buck again succeeds in beating his enemy and takes his place as a leader, while in reality London fails on the Socialist party ticket for mayor of Oakland and st arts steadily to be a writer. A few months before his death, London resigned from the Socialist Party. What’s more, the types of human beings in the novel are also the metaphors for the types of the upper class and the government in reality – some are cruel and only believe in club and fang, such as the Red Sweater; some are capable but work in a mechanical way, such as Francois and Perrault; some are ignorant, stupid but cling obstinately to their course such as Hal, Charles and Mercedes. The only kind of people London wants is like John Thornton, considerate and kind, yet there are few around him at that time. To sum up, the novel is the reflection of the ideal life London yearns for, cruel but hopeful. Through reading, we can get the picture of the glorious history of the human beings and animals in the primitive lands. Research Papers on The Call of the Wild Summary by Jack London - Literature EssayThe Fifth HorsemanHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionCapital PunishmentComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoWhere Wild and West MeetMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever Product19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraMind TravelTwilight of the UAW

Is terrorism a threat to international order Essay

Is terrorism a threat to international order - Essay Example However, even after the most significant and iconic terrorist strikes known to us i.e. the 9/11 attacks, the world order and the existing international relations have not changed significantly. In fact, if anything, the international order and the relationships between various countries (particularly western allies) have been more strongly defined since the attacks. Again, this definition may not remain true in the long term since international order is not solely dependent upon one evil character being the terrorist and one heroic country saving the world. The image of a country being good or bad is nearly always dependant on the perception of the people and it is irresponsible of the media or the government to present a very biased viewpoint since perceptions can be difficult to change overnight. Coady (2005) says: â€Å"There are very bad policies and very bad political leaders, but realism dictates that we recognize the presence of evil wherever and whenever it occurs. It also dictates that we take cognizance of the fact that the monsters of today were our allies of yesterday and may be our allies of tomorrow, and that our own shining virtue often appears in a different light to others. (Coady, pg. 16, 2005)† Of course the countries and individuals who are labelled as being terrorists by others quite simply reject it and take themselves as freedom fighters, separatists, even revolutionaries. Similarly, the titles given to terrorists range from evil to inhuman and responsible members of the international community are asked to shun them and force the surrender of terrorist group members since they are a threat to international order (Baylis, 2002). Undoubtedly there are several issues surrounding the debate and the first is the justification for terrorism. Martin & Martin (2003) report that it was St. Augustine who first gave the two

International entrepreneurship -2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

International entrepreneurship -2 - Essay Example Until the 21st century, there were a number of international entrepreneurs who have developed great products that are currently used by people across the world. This paper will however focus on the activities and the birth of mobile and electronic giant Apple Inc. the birth and growth of Apple will be critically analyzed with a bias towards its strategies, international market shares, growth trends and the potential. The entrepreneurial spirits of the founders who coined and pursued the idea to the end will also be evaluated in order to develop an idea on the challenges and strengths that the company possesses. Introduction The purpose of this report is to provide an in-depth analysis of a company that is considered as a perfect example of an international entrepreneurship project. Apple Inc, a company based in California United States will be studied with an aim of getting insights into the company’s profile and practices. In doing this, the report will review the motivations and the reasons for starting the business. The personal profiles of the founders, educational backgrounds, family information and financial abilities will also be evaluated. The market share and capitalization of the company will also provide great information of the company’s growth progress and abilities as compared to other market players and competitors (Beech and Jiang, 2012). Profile of firm Ref Description Response 1.1 Company age Apple Inc is today 36 years old, having been established in 1977 by three young entrepreneurs. It’s based in Cupertino, California (Beech and Jiang, 2012) 1. 3size (no of employees/sales turnover) Today, Apple Inc has over 72,800 employees in worldwide working in their laboratories, retail stores and operating their online stores (Apple, 2013). The company’s Market capitalization is $416.46 billion in 2013, a value which has shown significant improvement when compared with the previous financial year (Linzmayer, 2009). It also had a Total sales of $164.46 billion in 2013, a value that improved if compare with the previous years (Beech and Jiang, 2012). 1.4 Industry sector Apple Inc operates under Computer, information technology and mobile telephony industry and is today operating in the entertainment sector through its online music stores (Lashinsky, 2012). Main offerings The products offered by apple Inc include Computer hardware such as mackintosh computers, apple computers (Martin, 2011). The company also markets Computer software such as iMac iOS operating system, iCloud Mobile devices such as Apple Smartphone, iPhone Audio digital devices such as iPad, digital audio and music stores. 1.4 Main domestic/international market Domestic market include United states of America International market include Europe, Asia especially China, South American countries and Africa. 1.5 If international, no. of markets percentage of sales as exports The total percentage exports to china during the financial year 2012 were 5%. Europe constitutes the major percentage of apple’s international exports at 14% in 2012 (Martin, 2011). Demographic profile of entrepreneur Ref Description Response 2.1 Age, gender, education, marital status Steve jobs remains the main entrepreneur and brainchild behind the apple we see and know today He Started the business while 22 years old. Steve went to reed college but dropped out before completion. He was a Zen Buddhist believer and was married to Laurene Powell and

How have public sector spending cuts affected Government outsourcing Essay

How have public sector spending cuts affected Government outsourcing - Essay Example The private sector is currently creating new jobs while the public sector is slashing the workforce. The UK budget deficit is still high despite councils implementing budget cuts in highways maintenance, property service and refuse collection. Most of the government departments are considering outsourcing as a viable method of attaining value-added benefits to the services enjoyed by the citizens (Flynn, 2012). Currently, the UK government outsources more than 80 billion pounds of public sector services and the figure is estimated to reach 140 billion pounds by the year 2015 if the current trend continues. The information technology department is one of the public sector departments that have experienced massive spending cuts. The UK government has axed 95 million UK pounds on IT spending thus leading to high job losses (Flynn, 2012). The UK government has reduced spending on advertising and new contracts with management consultants. The spending cuts are spread in construction, professional services, facilities management department and information and communication technology. The Efficiency and Reform Group is keen on cutting spending cutting the spending on advertising to only the essential advertisements (Flynn, 2012). The media companies such as Trinity Mirror have reported a decline in the value of the shares after the government froze new civil service recruitments. The department of Work and Pensions has made more than 70 million pounds in savings after reducing the spending on IT consultancy and marketing services. The government is also negotiating for cost reductions in the approved IT projects in order to reduce the overall costs of the projects (Flynn, 2012). However, critics of public spending cuts have warned that the current slash on spending will slow down the economic recovery. For instance, Morgan Sindall construction Group warns that reducing the budget on school construction will negatively affect the

Child Labor in Pakistan Essay

Child Labor in Pakistan Essay Child labor refers to the employment of children at regular and sustained labor. It is the full-time employment of children under a minimum legal age. The practice of child labor is considered illegal by many countries and exploitative by many international organizations. (Child Labor at Distrcit Level, 2009)Child labor is one of the problems that occur as a result of the responses to the economic problems faced by vulnerable children. In most developed and emerging countries, use of children as labors is considered as violation of human rights and is outlawed, while some poorer and developing countries do tolerate and allow child labor. In Pakistan, a country where almost half of the population lives below the poverty line, child labor is deeply entrenched and pressing phenomenon. Child labor in Pakistan is prevalent in all sectors of the economy, thought it primarily exists in the informal sector of employment and home-based industry. Pakistans high population growth of around 1.6% poses multiple challenges and threatens to constrain limited resources and social and economic development of the country. According to the survey of Federal Bureau of Statistics (FBS) in 2002, the number of working children in Pakistan was approximately 3.5 million or 7% of the total workforce in Pakistan. However, the children under the age of 10 and those working in small and family businesses that are not registered with the government were not the part of the survey. So the actual figure is deemed to be much higher than the official figures. In Pakistan, children aged 5-14 are around 40 million. The survey conducted by UNISEF in 2003, estimated that 8 million children under the age of 14 are engaged as labors. Most of them are engaged as labors in brick kiln factories, carpet weaving centers, agriculture, small industries and domestic services. The survey also indicated that rural and urban ratio of child labors was 7:1. The province with most number of cases of child labor was Punjab with nearly 60% of the total child labor population. HISTORY AND IMPACT OF CHILD LABOR IN PAKISTAN Child labor has been prevalent in Pakistan in all the sectors of the economy, though it mostly exists in informal sector of employment and in the home based industry. In late nineties, the matter of child labor emerged as a serious consideration due to international exposure. In 1996, Pakistans Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto acknowledged the problem of child labor in the country and announced the plan to eliminate it. In his speech in April 1998, Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif stated that the problem of child labor occupied a prominent place in the agenda of government of Pakistan. In 1999, Federal minister for labor and manpower, Shaikh Rashid announced a four point policy for curbing child labor in Pakistan. In Jan-99, government announced the draft of the labor policy. The policy envisaged that the government is committed to end child labor. It was also promised by the government of Pakistan in 2000, that the law to eliminate child labor and bonded labor at an economic level would be implemented in 2002 and till 2005; there would be no bonded labor or child labor in Pakistan. Even after so much regulations and promises by the government of Pakistan, the attempt has not been successful till now. Though the issue has received international attention and various organizations at international level like ILO and UNICEF are participating in the issue, still the improvement in this case is very slow. In eradicating and creating awareness against child labor in Pakistan many communities are having a stake. Some of these communities/autonomous bodies working for the cause are: Government of Pakistan Children Parliament Pakistan International Labor Organization UNICEF Other NGOs, Society and Media All the above government and private bodies are actively working for the eradication of child labor in Pakistan. The issue has been seriously addressed by the above bodies either individually or in conjunction with any other body. The role of each of the above mentioned body in the eradication of child labor in Pakistan is as follows: GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN: Government of Pakistan has been actively working for the eradication of child labor in Pakistan. Activities of government towards the issue have been gaining considerable attention since late 1990s, when the matter of child labor emerged as a serious consideration due to international exposure. In Jan-99, government announced the draft of the labor policy. The policy envisaged that the government is committed to end child labor. It was also promised by the government of Pakistan in 2000, that the law to eliminate child labor and bonded labor at an economic level would be implemented in 2002 and till 2005; there would be no bonded labor or child labor in Pakistan. Though the government has not been able to deliver on the promises made due to the increased political weaknesses in the company, still there have been continuous efforts made on their part. Government also identified poverty and lack of education for children as root causes for the child labor in the country. (Arshad)The present government in Pakistan has made elementary education compulsory for children. Along with that, the government has also made the policy of distributing free books in primary schools. This would help the parents, who cannot afford their childs education and school expenses can send their children to schools. Along with all of the above, the following laws are made by government of Pakistan to address the issue (Pakistan): National Child Labor Laws: In Pakistan a child is defined as a person younger then fifteen. The legal minimum age for employment of children is 14 for normal businesses and 15 for railways and mines. The constitution of Islamic republic of Pakistan prohibits forced labor, slavery, and employment of children below the age of 14. The government of Pakistan asserts that the labor inspectors are empowered to carry out regular visits to all employment places covered under employment of children act 1991 to check the compliance of the law at that places. Education Laws: Articles 37 (b) (c) of the constitution of Pakistan declares public policy to remove illiteracy and provide free and compulsory secondary education within the minimum possible period [and to] make technical and professional education generally available and higher education equally accessible to all on the basis of merit. Despite a law in 1962 requiring each province to designate areas where primary education is compulsory, none of the provinces have complied. As of now, the present government in Pakistan has made elementary education compulsory for children. Along with that, the government has also made the policy of distributing free books in primary schools. International Conventions: Pakistan is a party to ILO convention concerning minimum age of employment in the industry and UN convention for rights of the child. Through above legislatures and laws, and to some other timely regulations, the government of Pakistan is acting as an active community stakeholder in eradication of child labor in the country. Though in present scenario Pakistan is suffering through political weaknesses, but still government is committed to take the work one step ahead. CHILDREN PARLIAMENT OF PAKISTAN: The childrens parliament for Pakistan was launched on 14-Nov-08, by Society for the Protection of the Rights of Child (SPARC). The main aim of this parliament is to create awareness and promote child rights in the country. The members were elected from different schools of Peshawar, Islamabad, Faisalabad, Karachi, Lahore etc. Besides providing basic rights to every child in Pakistan other objectives of this parliament are: End child labor Educate every child Provide medical facilities to children Protect the children In addition, children parliament serves as their voice to convey the difficulties and problems faced by the children to government of Pakistan. INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION: With the matter of child labor in Pakistan gaining international attention, ILO has fastened its steps to address the issues. ILO does timely surveys within various industries in Pakistan suspecting large amount of child labor. (International Programme for elimination of child labor)Based on the survey they come out with survey reports addressing the issue and recommending ways to deal with the situations. Some of the latest surveys conducted by ILO in Pakistan are: Survey on Child Labor in Kasur Tanneries in 2004 Survey on Child Labor in Glass Bangles industry in Hyderabad-2004 Survey on child labor in surgical instruments manufacturing industry in Sialkot Survey on child labor in coal mine industries in Chakwal, Noshera and Shangla ILO has also been working with the government of Pakistan guiding them from time to time on this issue. It is also acting as a watch dog, inspecting the ways in which government is addressing the issue. UNICEF: The name UNICEF needs no introduction. United Nation International Childrens Emergency Fund, a UN organization has consistently working towards the development of children in underdeveloped countries. UNICEF conducts timely surveys to see the improvement in the case. The survey conducted by UNISEF in 2003, estimated that 8 million children under the age of 14 are engaged as labors. Most of them are engaged as labors in brick kiln factories, carpet weaving centers, agriculture, small industries and domestic services. The survey also indicated that rural and urban ratio of child labors was 7:1. The province with most number of cases of child labor was Punjab with nearly 60% of the total child labor population. UNICEF also set-up centers in the Pakistan, helping destitute children get home. Pakistan is also amongst the countries that get funding from UNICEF to promote the steps in eradication of child labor. OTHER NGOS SOCIETY AND MEDIA: This is another group of very important stakeholders in the issue of child labor in Pakistan. NGOs like ACM Apostolic Charismatic Ministry and Child Reach International has continuously worked towards the development of children in Pakistan to eradicate child labor. Though the NGOs in Pakistan dont get proper funding from government of Pakistan neither from any corporate bodies, still the work they do in crating awareness and providing elementary education to children is quite appreciable. Society and media as a whole has a major role to play in the eradication of child labor in Pakistan. These two stakeholders are still dormant in the issue, but for the development of children in Pakistan society and media have to play a major part. Poverty levels in Pakistan appear to necessitate that children work in order to allow the families to reach their target take-home pay. The lack of economic opportunity for adult employment in Pakistan needs to be studied and taken under consideration; the government also needs strict to inspect the strict implementation of laws made by it. Lack of education is another reason for the high rate of child labor in Pakistan. Thought government of Pakistan has made policies for providing free elementary education to children, the policies need strict implementation to address the issue. Also, other stakeholders of the issue specially Children parliament, ILO, UNICEF, Media and NGOs have to work in tandem to create awareness for the rights of the children in the country. REFERENCES (n.d.). Retrieved Aug 1, 2010, from www. unicef. org: www. unicef. org/ protection/ index_3717. html Ahmad, M. (2001). Child Labor: A time to reflect. In M. Ahmad, Child Labor: A time to reflect. UNICEF. Arshad, R. (n.d.). Child labor in Pakistan. Retrieved Aug 1, 2010, from http://www.hamariweb.com: http://www.hamariweb.com/articles/article.aspx?id=91 Child Labor at Distrcit Level. (2009, Sep). Retrieved August 1, 2010, from http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de: http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17333/1/MPRA_paper_17333.pdf H.Zaidi, H. (2004, Jan). Baseline survey report on child labor. Retrieved Aug 1, 2010, from http://www.ilo.org: http://www.ilo.org/ipecinfo/product/viewProduct.do?productId=5225 International Programme for elimination of child labor. (n.d.). Retrieved Aug 1, 2010, from http://www.ilo.org: http://www.ilo.org/ipecinfo/product/searchProduct.do;?type=normaltitle=selectedMonthFrom=-1productYearFrom=selectedMonthTo=-1selectedCountries=342selectedMediaTypes=14keywords=userType=3selectedFieldOfficeId=-1resultPerPage=20selectedSortById=4 Pakistan. (n.d.). Retrieved Aug 1, 2010, from http://www.dol.gov: http://www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/sweat/pakistan.htm Population census organization. (n.d.). Retrieved Aug 1, 2010, from http://www.statpak.gov.pk: http://www.statpak.gov.pk/depts/pco/statistics/pop_sex_ratio_growth_rate/pop_sex_ratio_growth_rate.html COMMUNITY PROGRAM TO ADDRESS CHILD LABOR IN PAKISTAN ABSTRACT Child labor refers to the employment of children at regular and sustained labor. It is the full-time employment of children under a minimum legal age. The practice of child labor is considered illegal by many countries and exploitative by many international organizations. (Child Labor at Distrcit Level, 2009)Child labor is one of the problems that occur as a result of the responses to the economic problems faced by vulnerable children. In most developed and emerging countries, use of children as labors is considered as violation of human rights and is outlawed, while some poorer and developing countries do tolerate and allow child labor. In Pakistan, a country where almost half of the population lives below the poverty line, child labor is deeply entrenched and pressing phenomenon. Child labor in Pakistan is prevalent in all sectors of the economy, thought it primarily exists in the informal sector of employment and home-based industry. Pakistans high population growth of around 1.6% poses multiple challenges and threatens to constrain limited resources and social and economic development of the country. The paper designs a community program to address the issue of child labor in Pakistan. It identifies various stakeholders in the issue and based on certain strategies and programs, intends to bring an effective social change. The paper also addresses potential challenges in the way of eradicating the child labor in Pakistan and ways for addressing the issue. GOAL OF THE STUDY: The primary goal of the study is identifying the trends in the issue if child labor in Pakistan. Based on the issue, paper intends to identify various stakeholders of the issue. The aim of studying this is to a community program to address the issue of child labor in Pakistan. It identifies various stakeholders in the issue and based on certain strategies and programs, intends to bring an effective social change. The paper also addresses potential challenges in the way of eradicating the child labor in Pakistan and ways for addressing the issue. The goals had been made keeping in mind the resources available in Pakistan to bring a social change. Political weakness in the economy of Pakistan has also been kept in mind. The success of this community program depends upon the working in conjunction of the stakeholders of the issue. STRATEGIES TO BE ADOPTED In order to eradicate child labor in Pakistan both preventive and corrective strategies are proposed. Successful intervention models are also founded so that the change in knowledge would be easier to bring about, attitude change requires relatively longer time frame and finally the change in total mind set and behavioral change requires the longest time. Interventions are to be phased out in the time bound manner and change strategies are age specific and gender equitable. GENERAL AND POSITIVE ACTION STRATEGIES: The following general and positive action strategies are requires to be taken to address the issue of child labor in Pakistan: Change in attitude of stakeholders: Awareness campaigns, counseling sessions and advocacy workshops need to be geared towards parents for gaining their confidence and for raising their awareness about the ill-effects of child labor concerning their children. The campaigns and counseling would highlight the alternatives of child labor, including non-formal and formal education and apprenticeship. Parents would be educated about the benefits of schooling in terms of income and increased efficiency and guiding that child labor in many cases is futile with a very meager income associated with it. Similar services for gaining employers confidence would be arranged for building support for struggle in eliminating child labor. Carefully designed educational and informative conferences and/or seminars would be arranged to restore the self esteem and dignity of labor. Labor Department working with industry should work with missionary zeal in order to accomplish an eventual elimination of labor in a reasonable time frame. Poverty Alleviation: Numerous steps would be aimed at familys alternative income generation and poverty. Poverty alleviation would be addressed very seriously at different levels with the involvement of international organizations, various non-government agencies and Provincial, federal and district governments. The problem of child labor in Pakistan can be managed effectively only if the problem of poverty is worked out effectively, through income generation projects for society and parents and through equitable and fair access to safety nets such as zakat funds and other benevolent programs. Poverty alleviation efforts of provincial and state governments PRSP (Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper) would coincide well with time-bound program endeavors targeted at phasing out child labor from the country. (Beig, 2004)The survey carried out by ILO in 2004 in coal mine industries in Chakwal, Noshera and Shangla revealed following figures: Chakwal: Category Sample Plan Actual Interview conducted Working Children 450 126 Parents 12 16 Employers 60 27 Total 522 169 Chirat/ Noshera: Category Sample Plan Actual Interview conducted Working Children 400 48 Parents 5 4 Employers 10 13 Total 415 65 Drop-out Survey: Category Sample Plan Actual Interview conducted School-going 150 250 Drop-outs 15 27 Parents 27 22 Teachers 40 38 Total 212 337 Formal Schooling, Non-Formal Schooling and Vocational Training: (Kulsoom, 2009)Poverty being major reason for majority drop-outs, provision of fee and subsidized education would be recommended at formal schools. Formal school teachers need to be trained to adopt child friendly teaching methodologies and attitude in order to reduce risk of drop-outs. Apart from the traditional program of study, training at non-formal educational schools should include vocational training health and safety education. NFE schools would be a really essential measure because to stop the supply of labor at source, alternative sources of productive engagement needs to be available with children. Quality of education will also be enhanced and it needs to be attractive and relevant to help reduce the drop-out tendency in schools. Issues concerning child labor, including information about the hazardous nature of child labor and gender biases needs to be incorporated into the educational curriculum of non-formal and formal schools for both male and female students. Occupational health hazards and safety measures: Till the child labor is eliminated totally, the culture of occupational safety would be promoted in all industries by raising awareness through advocacy seminars. These awareness-related advocacy seminars should be arranged at the worksites and at community level, would also be used for educating children about the ill effects of child labor and raising awareness about the value of education and its other positive alternatives. The Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) study undertaken by ILO in 2004 also yielded detailed insights on the same issue. In addition to seminars, group meetings and workshops would also be arranged on a sustainable basis for promoting norms and adopting preventive health measures. Improved Legislative Measures: Steps would be taken for enforcement of existing labor laws. Till the child labor is completely eliminated, increased protection to child workers would be provided upon the consent of the government against the violation of their rights and against unsafe industrial practices including child labor. High powered mystery clients would be requested to monitor adherence in safety standards along with labor departments and ILO monitors. PARTNERSHIPS AND CAPACITY BUILDING: ILO would be requested to build strategic alliances with Non Governmental Organization in Pakistan. ILO also need to consider alliances with consultation agencies working on child labor issues to use them as catalyst-facilitators, monitors and trainers in working towards the common goal of eradicating child labor and reducing its ill-effects. To rectify the problem of child labor, cross agency partnerships in Pakistan would be prompted till the operations are self sustained and fully streamlined. These partnerships would be supported by ILO and jointly partnered with government agencies in Pakistan and with relevant international agencies such as UNICEF, UN department for Assistance Framework (UNDAF) and other stakeholders like NGOs, Media etc. cost effective innovative transformations would be geared towards effective building of District level labor departments, Provincial planning, district governments and NGOs. The aim of training would be to i nculcate learning about a proactive work culture along with a missionary zeal in addressing the issue of child labor in Pakistan. MEDIA SUPPORT: Various media like T.V, Press, and Internet media would be involved in the broad-based awareness regarding the child labor issues, including vocational and formal education. Effective information, education and communication materials would be created and would be disseminated to press and other media in order to win their support and create awareness. Electronic media would be used later as an effective partner in the struggle against the child labor in Pakistan. Strategies will also be made to gain the confidence of electronic media through workshops, conferences and meetings. All the above strategies used for community engagement are based on the following model. Different Stakeholders that are involved in this program of community engagement are: Government of Pakistan International Labor Organization (ILO) United Nation International Children Emergency Fund (UNICEF) Society, especially parents of the children UN Department for Assistance Framework (UNDAF) Non Government Organizations (NGOs) Schools and their staffs, especially teachers Employers Labor Union Media in all forms Children Themselves POTENTIAL CHALLENGES AND THE ROAD AHEAD Potential challenges in the way of making community engagement for eradicating child labor in Pakistan are: Weak Political and Economic Scenario in Pakistan: Pakistan is going through a period of weak political and economic scenario. So that will be the major potential challenge in making the community engagement because in an unstable economy implementing legislatures is a very difficult task. Also, making arrangements for funds in a weak political scenario becomes difficult because in this case government may not be ready to fund the program. For overcoming this challenge, fund needs to be raised from major corporate. They should be encouraged to fund the program as much as possible as the part of their corporate social responsibility. For implementing the legislatures, proper alliance needs to be made between Government bodies and foreign bodies like ILO and UNICEF who are already working for the cause. These bodies will help monitoring laws and legislatures formed. Poverty: Poverty is another major challenge in the effectiveness of community engagement in Pakistan. Most families send their children to work to reach their target take-away home pay. So making them understand about not considering the pay of their children as the major factor would be really difficult. To overcome this challenge, workshops would be held and proper counseling would be provided to parents about the harmful effects of child labor and benefits of elementary education for the future of their children. Attitudes of Employers, Parents and Children: This is another challenge in the effectiveness of the community program. In various industries children are considered as cheap labors. So changing the attitude of the employers about employing children by considering them as cheap labor would be difficult to change. Every business needs to be inspected at intervals along with counseling and advocacy meetings with employers to change the attitude of the employees. Same would be the problem with Parents and children. This would be addressed by showing the ill-effects of child labor and benefits of education. Though poverty levels in Pakistan appear to be a necessitate reason that children work in order to allow the families to reach their target take-home pay, effective community engagement can help raise awareness against the issue. The lack of economic opportunity for adult employment in Pakistan needs to be studied and taken under consideration; the government also needs strict to inspect the strict implementation of laws made by it. Lack of education is another reason for the high rate of child labor in Pakistan. Thought government of Pakistan has made policies for providing free elementary education to children, the policies need strict implementation to address the issue. Also, other stakeholders of the issue specially Children parliament, ILO, UNICEF, Media and NGOs have to work in tandem to create awareness for the rights of the children in the country.

Freedom and Reason In Kant Essay -- Philosophy Philosophical Essays

Freedom and Reason in Kant Morality, Kant says, cannot be regarded as a set of rules which prescribe the means necessary to the achievement of a given end; its rules must be obeyed without consideration of the consequences that will follow from doing so or not. A principle that presupposes a desired object as the determinant of the will cannot give rise to a moral law; that is, the morality of an act of will cannot be determined by the matter or content of the will for when the will is materially determined the question of its morality does not arise. This consideration leads Kant to one of his most important theses. If the moral character of willing is not determined by the content of what is willed, it must be determined by the form:" If a rational being can think of his maxims as universal laws, he can do so only by considering them as principles which contain the determining ground of the will because of their form and not because of their matter". Therefore, the morality of a maxim is determined by its functioning as a universal law, applicable as a general rule to every rational agent. Since a moral will must be so in virtue of its form alone, the will must be capable of a purely formal determination; that is, it must be possible for a man to act in a certain way for the sole reason that willing in this way is prescribed by a universal law, no matter what the empirical results will be. A will to which moral considerations apply must be, in the strictest sense, a free will, one that can function independently of the laws of natural causality. The concept of morality, therefore, has to be explained in terms of a universal moral law, and the ability to will in obedience to such a law leads us to postulate the freedom. The freedom which Kant is talking about, is not only a negative freedom consisting in the absence of constraint by empirical causes, it is also a positive freedom which consists in the ability to make acts of will in accordance with the moral law, for no other reason than that they are in accordance with it. Freedom, in this sense, corresponds to Autonomy of the will and its absence ( any situation in which the will is determined by external causes ) is called Heteronomy. In obeying the moral law for the sake of the law alone, the will is autonomous because it is obeying a law which it imposes on itself. .. ...e person, as Reason, as belonging to the intellectual world, is not affected by the laws of Determinism: he is free. This is Kant's proof of Freedom. Is it satisfactory? Later on, in the "Critics of Practical Reason", Kant does not attempt to deduce synthetically Morality from Freedom, as he tried to do in the Grounding by stating that Freedom was the necessary condition for Morality, but he assumes the moral law as a "fact of the reason" from which he infers Freedom. There have been critics blaming Kant of a sort of vicious circle, because he seemed to demonstrate Freedom by means of deduction from Morality and then to show the possibility of the Categorical Imperative deducing it from Freedom. Kant answers that there is no vicious circle because in the ontological order Freedom is the condition for Morality ( it is not possible to follow the duty for the duty if you are not free), but in the order of our knowledge, the moral law is the requirement for Freedom ( we would not consider ourselves free, if we did not think of ourselves as subject to the moral law). Freedom is the ratio essendi of the moral law, but the moral law is the ratio cognoscendi of Freedom. Freedom and Reason In Kant Essay -- Philosophy Philosophical Essays Freedom and Reason in Kant Morality, Kant says, cannot be regarded as a set of rules which prescribe the means necessary to the achievement of a given end; its rules must be obeyed without consideration of the consequences that will follow from doing so or not. A principle that presupposes a desired object as the determinant of the will cannot give rise to a moral law; that is, the morality of an act of will cannot be determined by the matter or content of the will for when the will is materially determined the question of its morality does not arise. This consideration leads Kant to one of his most important theses. If the moral character of willing is not determined by the content of what is willed, it must be determined by the form:" If a rational being can think of his maxims as universal laws, he can do so only by considering them as principles which contain the determining ground of the will because of their form and not because of their matter". Therefore, the morality of a maxim is determined by its functioning as a universal law, applicable as a general rule to every rational agent. Since a moral will must be so in virtue of its form alone, the will must be capable of a purely formal determination; that is, it must be possible for a man to act in a certain way for the sole reason that willing in this way is prescribed by a universal law, no matter what the empirical results will be. A will to which moral considerations apply must be, in the strictest sense, a free will, one that can function independently of the laws of natural causality. The concept of morality, therefore, has to be explained in terms of a universal moral law, and the ability to will in obedience to such a law leads us to postulate the freedom. The freedom which Kant is talking about, is not only a negative freedom consisting in the absence of constraint by empirical causes, it is also a positive freedom which consists in the ability to make acts of will in accordance with the moral law, for no other reason than that they are in accordance with it. Freedom, in this sense, corresponds to Autonomy of the will and its absence ( any situation in which the will is determined by external causes ) is called Heteronomy. In obeying the moral law for the sake of the law alone, the will is autonomous because it is obeying a law which it imposes on itself. .. ...e person, as Reason, as belonging to the intellectual world, is not affected by the laws of Determinism: he is free. This is Kant's proof of Freedom. Is it satisfactory? Later on, in the "Critics of Practical Reason", Kant does not attempt to deduce synthetically Morality from Freedom, as he tried to do in the Grounding by stating that Freedom was the necessary condition for Morality, but he assumes the moral law as a "fact of the reason" from which he infers Freedom. There have been critics blaming Kant of a sort of vicious circle, because he seemed to demonstrate Freedom by means of deduction from Morality and then to show the possibility of the Categorical Imperative deducing it from Freedom. Kant answers that there is no vicious circle because in the ontological order Freedom is the condition for Morality ( it is not possible to follow the duty for the duty if you are not free), but in the order of our knowledge, the moral law is the requirement for Freedom ( we would not consider ourselves free, if we did not think of ourselves as subject to the moral law). Freedom is the ratio essendi of the moral law, but the moral law is the ratio cognoscendi of Freedom.

Sociology 100 Final Exam

Chapter 8 Sex Distinction – the biological distinction between females and males. Incest Taboo – a norm forbidding sexual relations or marriage between certain relatives. 1960 Birth Control – New technology also played a part in the sexual revolution. The birth control pill, introduced in 1960, not only prevented pregnancy but also made sex more convenient. Premarital Sex – sexual intercourse before marriage – among young people. Sexual Orientation – a person’s romantic and emotional attraction to another person.Homophobia – discomfort over close personal interaction with people thought to be gay, lesbian, or bisexual. Prostitution – the selling of sexual service. 90k Reported Rapes – more than 90,000 women each year report to the police that they have been raped. Uneven Enforcement – enforcement of prostitution laws is uneven at best, especially when it comes to who is and is not likely to be arrested. Abor tion – the deliberate termination of a pregnancy. Chapter 9 Decent Values – Elijah Anderson explains that in poor urban neighborhoods, most people manage to conform to conventional or â€Å"decent† values.Stigma – a powerfully negative label that greatly changes a person’s self-concept and social identity. Social Inequality – who or what is labeled deviant depends on which categories of people hold power in a society. Corporate Crime – the illegal actions of a corporation or people acting on its behalf. *Arrest of Women – couldn’t find a fact to define this one! Victimless Crimes – violations of law in which there are no obvious victims. High Risk – people with high arrest rates are also at higher risk of being victims of crime.Due Process – the idea that the criminal justice system should operate under the rule of law – guides the actions of police, court officials, and corrections officers. Decline of Executions – as a public concern about the death penalty has increased, the use of capital punishment has declined, falling from 74 executions in 1997 to 37 in 2008. No Elimination of Crime – criminal justice system cannot eliminate crime. Chapter 10 Structural Social Mobility – a shift in the social position of large numbers of people due more to changes in society itself than to individual efforts.Ideology – cultural beliefs that justify particular social arrangements, including patterns of inequality. Socioeconomic Status – a composite ranking based on various dimensions of social inequality. Conspicuous Consumption – buying and using products because of the â€Å"statement† they make about social position. Davis-Moore Thesis – states not only that social stratification is universal but also that it is necessary to make society highly productive. Chapter 11 Median Income – a recent survey of families by the Federal Reserve found that median wealth for minority families.Upper Class – many upper-class people are business owners, executives in large corporations, or senior government officials. Marriage Age: 26/28 – the average age at marriage has moved upward four years (to 25. 6 years for women and 27. 5 years for men). Feminization of Poverty – the trend of women making up an increasing proportion of the poor. Homeless Mentally Ill: 25% – One-third of homeless people are substance abusers, and one-fourth is mentally ill. Chapter 12 High-Income Countries – the nations with the highest overall standards of living.Global Stratification – the full extent of global stratification reflects both differences among countries and internal stratification. 100 Million Kids Black-market – 100 million of the world’s children are orphaned or have left their families altogether, sleeping and living on the streets as best they can or perhaps tryi ng to migrate to the US. Modernization Theory – a model of economic and social development that explains global inequality in terms of technological and cultural differences between nations.

Qué información tienen en control migratorio de USA

Quà © informacià ³n tienen en control migratorio de USA Mediante el sistema TECS, los oficiales en los controles migratorios  tienen acceso a una gran informacià ³n sobre los extranjeros que desean ingresar a Estados Unidos.   Pero,  ¿quà © tipo de informacià ³n contiene TECS?  ¿Quà © problemas pueden surgir?    ¿Quà © es el sistema TECS de informacià ³n en control migratoriode USA? TECS es una plataforma informtica gestionada por la Policà ­a de Control de Fronteras (CBP, por sus siglas en inglà ©s), que es parte del Departamento de Seguridad Internet (DHS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). En realidad es un sistema de sistemas donde diversas agencias ingresan informacià ³n para que los oficiales de la CBP puedan verificarla respecto a cada extranjero que quiere internarse en el paà ­s. Entre las agencias que suministran informacià ³n a destacan: El FBILas embajadas y consulados americanosLas cortes de JusticiaEl IRS, que es la agencia tributaria de Estados UnidosLas policà ­as locales y estatales.  ¿Quà © sistemas operan dentro de TECS y cà ³mo afectan en la prctica a los viajeros? US-VISIT. Al llegar a la aduana americana, se le toma una foto y las huellas dactilares a la mayorà ­a de los extranjeros. Este sistema permite compararlas con las dadas en el momento de solicitar la visa en consulado o embajada. Asà ­, se impide que una persona utilice el pasaporte de otra para intentar ingresar a Estados Unidos. Tambià ©n sirve para evitar que los extranjeros con dos pasaportes intenten utilizar uno de ellos cuando se les ha denegado la visa americana con el otro. Por ejemplo, un venezolano que tambià ©n es espaà ±ol. Si solicità ³ el visado como venezolano y la solicitud le fue rechazada, luego no puede pretender ingresar con el espaà ±ol, aprovechando que a los ciudadanos de Espaà ±a no se les pide visa para visitas de turismo. Con US-VISIT el oficial de aduanas se da cuenta de que est ante una persona con la visa denegada y posiblemente le impida internarse en el paà ­s. APIS. Es el sistema por el que las aerolà ­neas comunican a las autoridades americanas que un extranjero ha comprado un boleto de avià ³n y pretende viajar hacia Estados Unidos. Entre la informacià ³n que transmiten se encuentra: nombre, apellidos, fecha de nacimiento, gà ©nero y lugar de expedicià ³n del pasaporte. Las aerolà ­neas tambià ©n colaboran comunicando cuando un extranjero embarca en uno de sus aviones cuando sale de Estados Unidos, con lo que la CBP puede saber inmediatamente si ha excedido la estancia autorizada. Recuerda que si no sales a tiempo, asà ­ sea por unas pocas horas, la visa se cancela y los del Programa de Exencià ³n de Visas ya no pueden disfrutar de ese privilegio. Adems, si la estancia sin permiso fue superior a seis meses, aplica el castigo o penalidad de los 3 o de los 10 aà ±os. IAFIS. Busca en una gran base de datos del huellas dactilares del FBI, al que previamente autoridades policiales locales y estatales han enviado informacià ³n. Asà ­ se puede saber prcticamente al momento si el extranjero que desea entrar en Estados Unidos tiene un rà ©cord criminal y proceder a su detencià ³n o expulsià ³n. En la actualidad IAFIS alberga ms de 55 millones de expedientes, siendo la mayor base de datos del mundo de esta naturaleza. Otros sistemas a destacar dentro de TECS son IDENT y ENFORCE. Adems, el oficial de la CBP puede incorporar informacià ³n nueva como su impresià ³n sobre el extranjero o el resultado de una pequeà ±a conversacià ³n: a quà © viene, por cunto tiempo, dà ³nde se va a alojar, etc.  ¿Quà © sucede cuando el oficial de la CBP tiene acceso a la informacià ³n TECS? En la mayorà ­a de los casos tramitar muy rpidamente la autorizacià ³n de la entrada del extranjero. En la actualidad ms de 900,000 personas pasan a diario por las fronteras americanas. En una media de 32,000 casos diarios ser necesario una segunda inspeccià ³n. De ellos, se calcula que a unos 15 se acceder a la informacià ³n de sus aparatos electrà ³nicos, como telà ©fonos, computadoras, cmaras de fotos, tabletas, etc. Son casos muy extraordinarios y generalmente responde a asuntos relacionados con la seguridad nacional, terrorismo o delitos particularmente horrendos como la pornografà ­a infantil o narcotrfico. La gran mayorà ­a de las personas que deben pasar a una inspeccià ³n secundaria no tendrn ningà ºn problema y se les permitir entrar tras un pequeà ±o retraso para comprobacià ³n de datos. Si bien es posible que en determinados casos a un extranjero se le autorice el ingreso pero se le de una citacià ³n para presentarse ante un juez de inmigracià ³n. Esto sà ³lo pasa si asà ­ lo decide el oficial de inmigracià ³n (no es un derecho del extranjero) y como requisito previo es necesario que tenga al menos una visa en vigor. Es decir, no aplica a las personas autorizadas a viajar sin visa, segà ºn el Programa de Exencià ³n de Visados, que no van a ser enviadas a un juez si surgen problemas. Y finalmente a un total aproximado de 210,000 personas al aà ±o se les prohibe la entrada y son devueltas al lugar donde originà ³ su viaje. En estos casos dos situaciones pueden ocurrir: Que el oficial de inmigracià ³n permita una retirada de la peticià ³n de entrar, que es lo ms ventajoso.Que se ordene una expulsià ³n inmediata, con lo que el afectado tiene prohibido el regreso a a EEUU por cinco aà ±os. Adems, su visa actual se ha cancelado. Y si se trata de una persona del Programa de Exencià ³n de Visas ya no podr viajar con la ESTA y necesitar solicitar previamente a viajar una visa en el consulado. Hay que tener muy en cuenta que para que una persona extrajera pueda ingresar a Estados Unidos en todo momento tiene que reunir dos condiciones: ser elegible y ser inadmisible. Y es que tener una visa vigente o ser de un paà ­s que permite viajar sin visa no es suficiente. Estas son 22 causas que convierten a una persona en inadmisible y 20 que la convierten en inelegible. Estas razones tienes consecuencias en los consulados a la hora de aprobar una visa o su renovacià ³n y tambià ©n en los controles migratorios de Estados Unidos.  ¿Quà © hacer si siempre te envà ­an a inspeccià ³n secundaria, te hacen perder vuelos de enlace, crees que hay informacià ³n errà ³nea sobre ti en el sistema? El DHS tiene un sistema para poder comunicar esas quejas e intentar subsanar posibles errores. Lo que hay que entender es que los extranjeros no tienen un derecho a entrar en Estados Unidos, aunque tengan visa en vigor. Y, por lo tanto, no hay ninguna violacià ³n de un derecho que no existe. No se puede demandar, ya que no hay derecho que exigir. Sà ­ se puede intentar arreglar errores o dejar pasar el tiempo en caso de castigos por determinadas acciones. A tener en cuenta Es posible que una persona que nunca haya tenido ningà ºn problema para ingresar, un dà ­a se encuentre con que es parada y no se le permite. Eso puede deberse a que ciertos elementos pueden ser interpretados y analizados de manera distinta, segà ºn el oficial de inmigracià ³n que toque, por ejemplo,  ¿cà ³mo se determina si una persona tiene intencià ³n de quedarse dentro de EEUU? Un agente puede verlo de una manera y otro de otra. Pero tambià ©n es posible que simplemente se haya introducido en TECS un dato que hasta ese momento no figuraba. Puede ser reciente o viejo. Y una vez que le consta al oficial de la CBP determinadas actividades decide prohibir la entrada. Por otro lado, la frontera terrestre, especialmente con Mà ©xico- tambià ©n se protege con aparatos tecnolà ³gicos de à ºltima generacià ³n, aà ºn sin la construccià ³n del muro propuesto por el presidente Trump. Finalmente, tener presente que no sà ³lo la CBP tiene acceso a TECS sino ms agencias del gobierno estadounidense como NCIC y NLETS, e incluso se le permite al CPIC que es de Canad. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

ADD essays

ADD essays Blau, Melinda, "ADD: The Scariest Letters In The Alphabet," New York Magazine, December, 13, 1993, p. ______________"Hyperactivity and Glucose Metabolism," Nutrition Research Newsletter, Dec. 1990, Vol. 9, p. Rief, Sandra F., "How to Reach and Teach ADD/ADHD Children, Practical Techniques, Strategies and Interventions For Helping Children with Attention Problems and Hyperactivity," (West Nyack, NY: The Center For Applied Research in Education, 1993, pp. 71, 70 Silver, Larry B., M.D. "ADHD - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Learning Disabilities, Booklet For the Classroom Teacher, pp. 6-8 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) are increasingly being discussed, at least to some extent, interchangeably. It has captured the attention of educators everywhere, and victims are most frequently referred to the case worker within the respective educational institution. Throughout this paper, there will be a reflection of that understanding which we have come to know regarding this somewhat enigmatic disorder. Similarly, causes, treatments, and strategies shall also be approached. For the most part, there is an ongoing conjoinment of both drugs as well as intervention. Similarly, and as indicated throughout this research paper, ADD/ADHD ranks as arguably the most often and pervasive subject of study. The Diagnosis and Statistic Manual Of Mental Disorders (DSM-III-R) offers a definition for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, it should also be noted that this definition is merely tentative, and, as in the past, shall continue to undergo increased revision. For discussionary purpose, however, this author shall elaborate upon both disorders as well as their symptoms, i.e. hyperactivity, distractibility, and impulsivity, to name three. Similarly, this research paper has inducted insight from stu...

Youth and the media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Youth and the media - Essay Example Media plays a vital role to build the mind setup of the youth. There are many negative aspects of media on thinking and behavior of youth which led to the social crimes. Most of youths are influenced by the unnatural events and happenings projected in media which paved the youth away from the real life. Music, style of clothing and life styles are the common traits youth adopt from the media. With increasing crimes rates by the youth there is need to bring quality, supervised and literate media content. Relation between Youth and the media Circuit of culture and youth identity In the area of cultural the most commonly used theory is the circuit of culture. According to this theory, while studying a cultural text or artifact, five aspects are commonly taken under considerations that are: its representation, identity, production, consumption and regulation. This theory was designed by a group of theorist in 1997 when studying the walkman cassette player. In the beginning of 1955, the r ock n roll has got the commercial prominence. The common concept about rock n roll is that it is the music of fantastic and freakish performers, amplified guitars and aggressive lyrics. It is the collision of African-American R&B (rhythm and blues) and white country music. These musical styles were eagerly received by the teenagers. A Latin industry claimed that the music had only become controversial because "the [white] pop kids started buying the R&B disks and playing them at home" (Martin and Segrave, p.17). Rock n roll replaced the sub cultures like the English mods and skinheads and the French yeh yehs to the prominent and raising sounds of Jamaican reggae, South African mbaqanga, Balkan turbo folk and Algerian rai. Style of clothing and music, language and behavior are so closely associated with it. It provided adolescents for a common sense of identity. Various youth behaviors are associated with the rock n roll. This music has evolved with every decade. In every decade yout h's trend towards rock n roll arises. The youth culture is categorized as: The silent generation: this generation has the experience of harsh realities of war and weak economy. The laid down the way for civil rights and rock n roll. Baby boom generation: this generation enjoyed the most idyllic images of American family life. As they grew up the idealism paved the way for materialism. Generation X: this generation grew up with uncontrolled and abundant rate of divorce, irresponsible behavior for career and jobs, electric rise in street crimes and unsupervised afternoons. They are responsible for hip-hop explosion. Generation Y/Millennial: this generation never experienced their so good and bad at the same time. Child welfare back up the national agenda from vaccination to childcare but at the same time school violence and trends towards drugs are also remarkable raised. Youth are referred as post- adolescent and pre-adult generation. The young people between the age of 15 and 24 are considered as the primary engine for the global media growth. In fact, youth are the most technology and media literate group of their societies. The involvement of youth in new media technology results in the industrialism and mass produced culture and sky rocketing raise in economy. Youth are being empowered by new cultural opportunities. Youth culture cannot be separated from political economy. After Second World War the youth the current generation is often described as the most oppressed. It has been the tough decade for the youth. The youth culture commonly includes language, music and dress styling. These all are in varying combination to establish an identity. All three aspects have its own importance in youth identity. The