The Artifact Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Artifact - Essay Example There were a lot of questions that I had about the economic feasibility of the product in my book. Thirdly, I wondered what was the point of buying kindle? I love books and everything related-from the smell of the printed paper to the binding and the placing bookmarks in the book by folding it on the corners. It was the entire sensory experience of reading a book that I loved. However after a lot of foresight and fore-thought, I finally bought Kindle. I started of reading it every night before sleeping, the way I’d do so with my normal books. It was later I realized how important Kindle is to me. It became an addiction. I could not sleep without spending a good fifteen-thirty minutes without being enthralled in it initially. This was just the beginning. Soon those minutes turned into hours and I was eventually spending 2-3 hours on the kindle. In the next 2 weeks my involvement with the Kindle had transformed into a deep rooted love-from 15 minutes to 2-3 hours. Things did not stop there. I loved the way I could carry the kindle in my bag without over-burdening. Soon, I started carrying it everywhere I would go to. I just couldn’t stand the idea of being bored. If I would get bored, Kindle would come to my rescue. I was that addicted to the device. I love the device primarily because the convenience it offers of not just reading it but for being my respite from the real world. There are times when I am down and out; when I don’t feel like talking to anyone. When I feel that I need to be left alone. That is when the Kindle comes to my rescue. It is my favorite companion and my solace from the miseries of the real world. The best part about it is that it is hassle free. Except for the initial investment, it costs you zilch in terms of convenience of handling it later on. It is wonderful to have a book handy at all times while waiting for a dentist, an appointment or at the spa. Anything that requires you to wait, you can do with the kindle. T oday I read waiting in the line while I am at grocery store. Let’s just put it this way, Kindle has become an integral part of my being. It is a must accessory for me, it is an extension of my right hand and I am more worried to keep the kindle with me, then about wearing the right make up. I like the way the kindle hibernates with just a click once I am done reading. I love the convenience of reading up a word in the dictionary and then returning back to my book while reading on kindle. Kindle has also made inroads in improving the speed at which I read. Now I can turn a page at a click. The most enticing part about kindle for me is the way it helps me make notes and highlights at the end of the book. It helps me share key points of the book with others, my review and what I feel about it; vent out my frustration about a particular plot, character or even pour it in why I loved that particular plot or character. In-short, Kindle offers me one of the most exciting and interes ting reading experiences ever. (Walkman) My biggest amusement with the Kindle, that I have not yet unveiled it has built up the tolerance level in me to pique through mindless plots and love stories without having to worry about people around me catching me reading a book with a trashy cover. No one really has to know, what I am reading and why I am reading it. It offers me complete privacy and I love this most about it. (Mollywood) Works Cited Mollywood. Kindle fire an ipad killer. 28 9 2011. 11 10 2011

Social Experiemt Essay Example for Free

Social Experiemt Essay For my sociology experiment, I chose to act like a stranger in my own house. The way I did this was by doing small things such as asking other people, mainly my brothers, to do things such as get me drinks and bring me in my dinner. I noticed while carrying out my experiment that even though my brothers may not have necessarily been happy to be bossed around by me, they still did everything that I asked them to do without question. I think this is because they saw my identity seemed as if it had changed, and they therefore felt that because I was acting like a guest in my own house, that I should be treated in that way. I am going to carry out my experiment by acting like I am a stranger in my own house, by asking other people to do things for me, and also not doing things such as laying down on the couch. I am going to do it during a weekend because it is the time when I am at home for the longest periods of time after I have finished working and it is also when everyone else is most likely to be in. I dont think that there are any ethical implications from me carrying out this experiment, as I dont think that it can cause anyone any long term ill-health or create any side-effects that are long-term. It could possibly cause someone stress whilst I am carrying out my experiment as it could make them be rushed and feel under pressure to do what I tell them to do and could also be very annoying if I was always waiting for them to tell me what to do, such as taking my shoes off when I go in the house. I think that because I was acting in a strange way, they gave me a new social identity, which was not that of a brother or a son, but of a stranger living in the same house as them. Even though I kept my own personal identity, I managed to change my social identity for a small amount of time. Although at first they didnt seem to understand what I was doing by asking them to get me things, they soon realised that if they didnt do it for me that I wouldnt get it at all, so they felt as if they were almost being forced to get things for me. I felt that norms like me being more responsible and having to look after my brothers were no longer in place and that although they knew that I was in charge, they were the ones that ultimately had to take control and act as if they were hosts. I think that towards the end of my experiment that my brothers were getting a bit frustrated with having to do things that I told them to do, and also with them having to tell me where to sit etc. However, my own feelings were not affected, and if anything, I felt as if it was a nice change for me to be able to ask my younger brothers to get me things, instead of the usual situation it is whereby they are always asking me for things.

Flourishing in Video Games: The Improvements of Child Development throu

This paper defines human flourishing as living a life of optimal functioning based upon positive productivity. What productivity is, in this sense, is undefined; leading myself to gleam from personal experience what society purports it to be. Common answers involve actions, such as working and social interaction. Self-centered hobbies, such as video games, are often left out, viewed as promoting little towards productivity and its assumed benefits. This produces tension through what is commonly considered to be positively productive towards flourishing, and a growing medium, with children especially, which proposes enjoyment through technological solitude. From this, I wonder if optimal functioning is only attainable through traditional methods of productivity as compared to the passivity gaming is perceived to promote. This paper aims to examine these claims closely in adolescents, for if a large majority turns towards video games as an extracurricular, I write it can be concluded t hat there is an aspect increasing their happiness. The truth of this shall be evaluated in this paper, lending to the larger topic of what promotes psychological happiness and optimal human functioning. Knowledge around the effects of video games produces agreement that games do not always hinder, providing benefits in developmental child growth at some points. Shelley L. Gable and Jonathan Haidt state a need to focus on psychological aspects providing benefits to mental health rather than what detracts (105-107), which I relate to popular views of most games as an unhealthy medium. Cheryl K. Olson fulfills this need, drawing upon research to examine what influences children to play video games, and its positive effects, such as creating self-developme... ...d Consequences. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2006. 363-378. Web. 10 March 2014. Fredrickson, Barbara L. and Michael F. Losada. "Positive Affect and the Complex Dynamics of Human Flourishing." American Psychologist 60.7 (2005): 678-686. Web. 10 Jan. 2014. Gable, Shelley L. and Jonathan Haidt. "What (and Why) Is Positive Psychology?" Review of General Psychology 9.2 (2006): 103-110. Web. 10 Jan. 2014. Li, DongDong, Albert Liau and Angeline Khoo. "Examining the Influence of Actual-Ideal Self-Discrepancies, Depression, and Escapism, on Pathological Gaming Among Massively Multiplayer Online Adolescent Gamers." Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 14.9 (2011): 535-539. Web. 13 Feb. 2014. Olson, Cheryl K. "Children’s Motivations for Video Game Play in the Context of Normal Development ." Review of General Psychology 14.2 (2010): 180-187. 10 March 2014.

Development of Attachment Essay -- Psychology

It has been shown that the relationships infants develop early on in life have lasting effects on their identity and behavior. Extensive research has indicated that the relationship between an infant and its caregivers is particularly important. All children are different, and in order to have a healthy relationship with your child, you should adapt your parenting methods to fit his specific needs. All children differin fundamental ways, two of the most comprehensive being their temperaments and attachment styles. A child’s temperament is the way in which he reacts to the world, new situations, people, and experiences. Attachment is an infant’s enduring emotional bond to his parentsor primary caregivers. Both of these factors affect children not only in infancy, but throughout their lives. Temperament has been shown to be a consistent aspect of a  person’s behavior over time, and their style of attachment to their primary caregiver often shapes the quality of platonic and romantic relationships with others as they age. A child’s temperament can affect his parent’s reactions and feelings toward him, and subsequently his attachment style. Infants are put into three defined categories of temperament: easy, difficult, and slow to warm up. Easy babies adjust readily to new experiences and are generally happy and easy to calm. Difficult babies are easily upset, have intense negative emotional reactions, and have irregular bodily functions. Slow to warm up babies react to new stimuli as difficult babies would initially, but with repeated exposure will react more like easy babies. Easy babies often engender positive reactions and feelings from their parents, which helps produce a secure attachment relationship between the paren... ...t them independently. This not only sets him up for immediate success in school or whatever he is focusing on, but also in the future when dealing with college or work. He will be more motivated to complete his work to the best of  his ability and to work past any barriers or conflicts that arise. Works Cited Allard, Lindsey T., and Amy Hunter. â€Å"Understanding Temperament in Infants and Toddlers.†Ã‚  Center on the Social and Emotional Foundations for Early Learning. Vanderbilt University, n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2014. . Davis, Jeanie L. â€Å"10 Commandments of Good Parenting.†Ã‚  WebMD. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2014. . Siegler, Robret, Judy DeLoache, and Nancy Eisenberg.  How Children Develop. 3rd ed. New York: Worth Publishers, 2011. 425-98. Print.

Baby Thesis Essay

State of the Problem This study aimed to established and look into the factors leading to the parent-child misunderstanding of the high school students and their parents of the Saint Patrick’s Academy in School Year 2014 -2015. Specifically, this study also sought to answer the following questions: 1. What is the level of the closeness of the parent and teenage child based on how often they are communicating? 2. What are the factors that really affect the parent and teenage child communication? 3. What are the common problems between parent and child? Significance of the Study The result of the study would be beneficial to the administrator, guidance counselors, teacher, parents, students, to the future researcher and to those aspiring to have a family someday as well. The study would be of great help to those parents and teenage child whose experiencing such kind of communication gap. To the administrator, it would serve as a guide to create some programs encouraging to the good communication of parent and child. To the guidance counselor, it would serve as a help to improve their skills in guidance counseling and it would guide them to more understand the students they guided. To the teachers, it would serve as a help them to understand those students with such experience. To the parents, it would serve as guide not only to improve their respond and communication with their teenage child but also to understand more what their child wants to express. To the students, it would serve not only as a help to be aware of their communication to their parents but also as a guide in improving their understanding about their parents. To the future researcher, it would serve as guide for their future research/thesis. To those aspiring to have a family someday, it would serve as a guide to have a good parenting. Scope and Limitations of the Study The study was focused on the factors leading to the parent-child misunderstanding among the high school students of the Saint Patrick’s Academy and their parents. The subjects of the study were 398 students enrolled in the School Year 2014 – 2015 and their parents or their guardian. Definition of Terms Consanguinity. It is the property of being from the same kinship as another person. Affinity. It is the relationship, especially by marriage as opposed to blood ties. Matrifocal. It is the relationship between a mother and her children. Conjugal. It is the relationship between a husband, his wife and children. Thenuclear family. It is the another term use for conjugal. Generation gap. It is the differences of outlook or opinion between people of different generations. Miscommunication. It is the failure to communicate adequately. Peer Group. It is a group of people of approximately the same age, status, and interests. Harrassment. It is the aggressive pressure or intimidation.

A Guide to the Government Link to Abortions

A Guide to the Government Link to Abortions One controversial issue surrounded by rumor and misinformation is that of government funding of abortion. In the U.S., do taxpayer dollars pay for abortions? To dispel the rumors, lets look at a  brief history of federal funding of abortion. It will help you understand why, for the past three decades, abortion has not been funded by the government. The History of Federally Funded Abortions Abortion was made legal in the United States by the Supreme Court decision Roe v. Wade in 1973. During the first three years of legalized abortion, Medicaid the government program that provides health care  to low-income pregnant women, children, the elderly, and the disabled covered the cost of terminating a pregnancy. However, in 1977 Congress passed the Hyde Amendment which put limitations on Medicaid coverage of abortion. This allowed it for Medicaid recipients only in the cases of rape, incest, or if the mothers life was physically endangered. Over the years, those two exceptions were eliminated. In 1979, abortions performed if a mothers life was endangered were no longer allowed. In 1981, abortions performed due to rape and/or incest were denied. As the Hyde Amendment must be passed by Congress annually, the pendulum of opinion over abortion coverage has swung back and forth very slightly over the years. In 1993, Congress permitted abortion coverage  for victims of rape and incest. In addition, the  current version of the Hyde Amendment also permits ​abortion for women  whose lives are endangered by their pregnancies. It Extends Beyond Medicaid The ban on federal funding for abortion affects more than low-income women. Abortion is not covered for women in the military, the  Peace Corps, federal prisons, and those who receive care from Indian Health Services. The Hyde Amendment also applies to coverage provided through the Affordable Care Act. The Future of the Hyde Amendment This issue came to life again in 2017. The House of Representatives passed a bill establishing the Hyde Amendment as a permanent fixture in federal law. A similar measure is up for consideration in the Senate. If this passes and is signed by the President, the Hyde Amendment will no longer be up for review on an annual basis, but be a perpetual law.

Automoblie Industry essays

Automoblie Industry essays There is no industry more present in the world-wide community than the automobile industry. The automobile has changed the lives, culture, and economy of the people and nations that manufacture and demand them. Ever since the late 1800s when the first modern car was invented by Benz and Daimler in Germany, the industry has grown into a billion dollar industry affecting so many aspects of our lives. There are more than 400 million passenger cars alone on the roads today. During the early part of the twentieth century, the United States was home to more than 90 percent of the worlds automotive industry, but has shrunk to about 20 percent in todays world. This drastic change has occurred by the booming economies in such nations as Japan, Germany, Canada, France, Italy, and other nations. The US auto industry sales totaled $205 billion, or 3.3 percent of the total Gross Domestic Product. (Tardiff 394) By the end of 19th century, there were about 500 auto manufacturers, but that number dropped sharply to 23 by 1917, and today the Big Three dominate the market. Ford, General Motors, and Chrysler make up the Big Three which account for 23 percent of the worlds motor vehicle production in 1997, with the Japanese industries coming in second, producing 21 percent. Germany produces 9 percent, Spain, France, South Korea, and Canada each produce 5 percent of the international market in 1997. In the US alone, the auto industry, which includes its 500,000 car-related businesses, create 12 million jobs. The automobile is clearly an oligopoly, but each companys control of the market has gradually diminished because of rising foreign competition. The US has three main auto manufacturers, Japan has five major producers as does Germany. Each of these companies produce differentiated versions of the same product, have control over their products prices, and rely heavily on non-price compe...

Crown-Of-Thorns Starfish Facts You Never Knew

Crown-Of-Thorns Starfish Facts You Never Knew Crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci)  are beautiful, prickly and devastating creatures that have caused mass destruction to some of the worlds most beautiful coral reefs. Description One of the most noticeable features of the crown-of-thorns starfish is the spines, which may be up to two inches long. These sea stars  can be from nine inches to up to three feet in diameter. They have 7 to 23 arms. Crown-of-thorns starfish have a variety of possible color combinations, with skin colors that include  brown, gray, green, or purple. Spine colors include red, yellow, blue, and brown.  Despite their stiff appearance, crown-of-thorns starfish are surprisingly agile. Crown-of-Thorns Starfish Facts Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: EchinodermataSubphylum: AsterozoaClass: AsteroideaSuperorder: ValvataceaOrder: ValvatidaFamily: AcanthasteridaeGenus: AcanthasterSpecies: Planci Habitat and Distribution Crown-of-thorns starfish prefer relatively undisturbed waters, found in lagoons and deep water. It is a tropical species that lives in the Indo-Pacific Region, including the Red Sea, South Pacific, Japan, and Australia. In the U.S., they are found in Hawaii. Feeding Crown-of-thorns starfish usually eat the polyps of hard, relatively fast-growing stony corals, such as staghorn corals. If food is scarce, they will eat other coral species.  They feed by extruding their stomach out of their bodies and onto the coral reef and then using  enzymes to digest the coral polyps. This process can take several hours. After the coral polyps are digested, the sea star moves off, leaving only the white coral skeleton behind. Predators of crown-of-thorns starfish (mostly of small/young starfish) include the giant triton snail, humphead Maori wrasse, starry pufferfish, and titan triggerfish. Reproduction Reproduction in crown-of-thorns starfish is sexual and occurs through external fertilization. Females and males release eggs and sperm, respectively, which are fertilized in the water column. A female can produce 60 to 65 million eggs during a breeding season. Fertilized eggs hatch into larvae, which are planktonic for two to four weeks before settling to the ocean bottom. These young sea stars feed on coralline algae for several months before switching their diet to corals. Conservation The crown-of-thorns starfish has a healthy enough population that there is no need to evaluate it for conservation. In fact, sometimes crown-of-thorns starfish populations can get so high, they devastate reefs. When crown-of-thorns starfish populations are at healthy levels, they can be good for a reef. They can keep larger, fast-growing stony corals in check, allowing small corals to grow. They also can open space for more slower-growing corals to grow and increase diversity.   However, about every 17 years, there is an outbreak of crown-of-thorns starfish. An outbreak is said to occur when there are 30 or more starfish per hectare. At this point, the starfish consume coral faster than the coral can regrow.  In the 1970s, there was a point when 1,000 starfish per hectare were observed in a section of the northern Great Barrier Reef. While it appears these outbreaks have happened cyclically for thousands of years, recent outbreaks seem to be more frequent and severe. The exact cause is unknown, but there are some theories.  One issue is runoff, which washes chemicals (for example, agricultural pesticides)  from the land into the ocean. This pumps  more nutrients into the water that causes a bloom in plankton, which in turn provides extra food for crown-of-thorns starfish larvae and causes the  population to boom.  Another cause may be overfishing, which has decreased the population of starfish predators. An example of this  is the overcollection of giant triton shells, which are prized as souvenirs.   Scientists and resource managers are seeking solutions to crown-of-thorns starfish outbreaks. One technique for coping with the starfish involves poisoning them. Individual starfish must be poisoned manually by divers, which is a time- and labor-intensive process, so it can only feasibly be conducted over small areas of a reef.  Another solution is to try to prevent outbreaks from happening or stop them from becoming so large. One way to do that is through working with agriculture to reduce pesticide use, and through practices such as integrated pest management.   Use Care When Diving When snorkeling or diving around crown-of-thorns starfish, use care. Their spines are sharp enough to create a puncture wound (even though a wet suit) and they contain a venom that can cause pain, nausea, and vomiting. Resources and Further Reading Acanthaster planci (Linnaeus, 1758). World Register of Marine Species. Becker, Joseph. Marine Envenomations: Invertebrates. Alert Diver Online, Paul Auerbach, Dan Holdings, Inc., Spring 2011. Crown-of-thorns starfish. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Australian Government, 2019. Crown of Thorns Starfish. Reef Resilience Network, The Nature Conservancy, 2018. Hoey, Jessica. Environmental Status: Crown-of-thorns starfish. Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Australian Government, August 2004. Injection culls reef-killing crown of thorns starfish. The Sydney Morning Herald, April 22, 2014.   Kayal, Mohsen, et al. Predator Crown-of-Thorns Starfish (Acanthaster planci) Outbreak, Mass Mortality of Corals, and Cascading Effects on Reef Fish and Benthic Communities. PLOS ONE, October 8, 2012. Shell, Hanna Rose. Locomotion in Water. Scinema Study Guide, CSIRO.

Theory of operation single phase induction generator at load state , Thesis

Theory of operation single phase induction generator at load state , - Thesis Example , the excitation voltage and frequency vary depending on the rotor speed, the values of the capacitance and the winding inductance and the load current. For any value of capacitance, there is a minimum rotor speed at which self-excitation would occur [1]. It is difficult to measure the self inductance of the generator winding directly. An approximation can be made by driving the rotor at synchronous speed and measuring the stator voltage and current. At the rotor synchronous speed, no current is induced in the rotor and it is a virtual open circuit. The measured impedance (V/I) can be approximated for the winding self-inductance. From the above equations, it is clear that the self-inductance of the winding would vary with the voltage induced in the winding. The variation of magnetizing inductance with voltage for a specific induction generator is shown in Fig 2. b) For a given speed of the rotor, the voltage generated in the winding would vary with the value of the connected parallel capacitor. The relationship between the terminal voltage and the value of the capacitor for a specific induction generator is shown in Fig 3. One requirement in any electrical generator is for the terminal voltage to remain constant when the connected load varies. Most electrical loads operate satisfactorily only in a narrow range around their rated voltage. The value of capacitance needed to maintain constant terminal voltage at a given rotor speed is shown in Fig 4 for a specific induction generator. The graph shows that the variation is linear. In addition to the constant voltage, an alternating current generator also needs to supply power at a constant frequency. For the single phase self-excited generator, we know from induction motor theory that as the load current changes, the slip between the rotor and the stator would vary and cause the induced stator frequency to vary. This relationship for a specific induction generator is shown in Fig 5. 1. Robinson, L. and Holmes,

Service Marketing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Service Marketing - Research Paper Example Commonwealth Bank has become the leading mortgage lender in Australia. Positioning strategy is a part of service marketing1. The organization has effectively gain believes and trust of the customers through their effective positioning strategy of services. The strategy and effective service process will be discussed later in the study. The literature review will give a clear idea that what is the positioning strategy and how this strategy helps organizations2. The positioning strategy only relates to the level of a particular service or a product. Major of the theories, academic studies and concepts revealed that a product or service can be positioned on the basis of its needs to satisfy, quality, specific service features and benefits to be delivered. In terms of services, market performance is computable implementing the behavioural objectives and deemed to be implementable and appropriate for banking services. Loyalty is considered as the intended behaviour that involved the depositions of users or the customers of bank in terms of intention and preference that play a key role in order to determine the market performance. It is a type of attitude that reflected in the eagerness in order to recommend the service provider to people or an actual observed behaviour in terms of repurchase. Strong positive connections between loyalty and image have been reported broadly in the area of service marketing. Moreover, it is reported that customer objectives to implement service encouraged by the advantages and benefits that they expect through the service. It is being embedded in the thoughts and believes about the service performance. People are more likely to consume or purchase a service or a product if it is perceived to have key attributes that deliver advantages and benefits3. However, several academics have found a positive relationship between the market performance and the perceived

Criminal Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Criminal Justice - Essay Example Disparity and Discrimination Disparity and discrimination are two of the most commonly used terms in the criminal justice system. Both terms are often mixed together when they are used in the context of criminal justice system. However, disparity does not always involve the factor of discrimination when it comes to the decisions made by a court. Some people believe that the factor if discrimination does not exist in the criminal justice system. One must understand the difference between disparity and discrimination in order to know whether discrimination actually exists in the criminal justice system or not. The concept of disparity is based on some legal or lawful factors, such as, crime history and mental health of a criminal, whereas, discrimination is based on sex, race, social status, and religion of a criminal. By definition discrimination is an act of favoritism or unfairness based on the race or nationality of the criminals. There are three main forms of discrimination in the criminal justice system, which include institutionalized discrimination, systematic discrimination, and contextual discrimination.

Treatment of Women in Medea by Euripides (431 BC) Essay

Treatment of Women in Medea by Euripides (431 BC) - Essay Example Aristophanes, the contemporary writer of comedies, included several mocking references to Euripides' plays, including Medea, in his works. (March p32) One of the reasons was that Euripides tended to go against the tide by taking up the cause of groups, which had no voice of their own (women and slaves, for instance). We must remember that Medea itself was a play written about a woman by a man for men. Euripides chose a subject/character-that of Medea-which was well known to the Athenian theatre going public. However, he took some liberties with the story-with the specific horrific detail of Medea murdering her young sons, which is the pivot on which the audience's (lack of) sympathy for Medea rests. According to legend, Medea did not kill the children (March p35). But Euripides constructed his plot in this manner probably for intensifying the dramatic effect, but more likely to point out what a person who had no power to control her own life could do, if pushed to the corner. Tyro is unmarried and pregnant. She leaves her baby to die in the woods. This child-Pelias-was rescued by shepherds. Tyro marries Cretheus, son of Aeolus, and has three children. Later on, when Pelias returns, his mother accepts him back into the family. When Tyro's husband dies, Pelias seizes the throne of Iolcos, although it legitimately belongs to his half-brother, Aeson. When Pelias tries to get the sanction of the oracle for his deed, he is warned of danger from a descendant of Aeolus "with one sandal". Jason, grandson of Aeolus is sent away by Pelias. Jason grows to manhood and returns-he arrives, having swum across the river, losing a sandal in it. He then claims the throne which is rightfully his. Pelias decides to send Jason on a mission to avenge the death of Phrixus. So Jason sets out with his crew in his ship the Argo. They reach Colchis. Here he meets the king's daughter, Medea, and they fall in love. Medea helps Jason with her magical powers, to outwit her father and o btain the Golden Fleece. Medea, while fleeing from Colchis with Jason, does not hesitate to kill her brother, Absyrtus, throwing his limbs one by one into the water, in order to slow down her father, who stops to pick them up. Thus they escape to Greece. But when they reach Iolcos, they find that Pelias has murdered Jason's family. So she plays a trick on Pelias. She butchers an old ram, and boils it with some herbs, bringing forth a young lamb. So Pelias' daughters attempting to make their father young, cut him up and boil him in the pot. This is a trick played by Medea on them to kill Pelias. The people of Iolcos, however, do not want Jason to become king. So Medea and he flee to Corinth. The action of Medea, the play, takes place here, many years later. (Classics Pages)From the background information, it is evident that Medea dabbles in magic-she is a sorceress; she is

Comparison of two past dissertations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Comparison of two past dissertations - Essay Example The partnership dissertation dwells much in the research carried out by the Nuffield Institute in an effort to find a partnership assessment tool for assessing strategic partnership. This partnership assessment tool has been acclimatized by different institutions such as the local government and health partnerships. The purpose of the Partnership Assessment Tool is to offer cost effective, quick and simple way of assessing efficiency of partnership working. This enables quick identification of areas with a problem and thus avoiding costly, exhaustive, and lengthy investigations. The tool would also be referred to by people interested in setting up partnerships. They would know the matters to be included or to be avoided in the agreements. The institutions have mostly focused on strategic partnership since it has proved effective in understanding many complex relationships and issues between partners. Project managers, senior officers and others have used it as a practical way for imp lementing essential partnerships that make differences to the lives of the general public (Hardy, 2003). On the other hand, a case study of Chichester New Park Cinema was carried out to identify the efficiency of social media in increasing customer turnout. Chichester Cinema is a single screened cinema located in the heart of the city. Most of the films shown are of small-budget, cultural values and are collections of foreign and older language films. It has comfortable and comfy bar area with passionate, knowledgeable and friendly staff largely made up of volunteers. The research would help Chichester New Park Cinema in making conversant decisions. It would identify ways of improving the customer retention and experience as well gaining insight into the demographic of the customers. It is from this research that they would know whether to continue engaging with their audiences online or to maintain their conventional advertisements. In order to gather essential information that wou ld be successfully implemented, the Nuffield Institute used the West Sussex Joint Commissioning Unit to assess the degree of partnership. The institute also wanted to evaluate the perceptions of the West Sussex Joint Commissioning Unit on the barriers hindering improvement of partnership working. After the assessment and evaluation, the institute would recommend to the commissioning unit on how to perk up partnership working unit. The institute decided to use different partners within the internal management team in order to achieve the objectives of the research. The partners used were; six principle managers, sixteen commissioning managers and the interim director. In order to gain views from a wide range of staff, a purposive stratified sample was proposed. The staffs proposed for completions of the tool were; four of the twelve West Sussex County council commissioning managers and two of the four NHS Sussex Commissioning Managers. The six principle managers composed of three NHS Sussex and three WSCC as well as the Director of the Interim. From this research, the institute would identify the effectiveness of partnership working in achieving the objectives and the aims of the Unit. In addition, the objective of the research also focused on the wider organizational partnership of the Joint Commissioning Unit. These partners are derived from North West Sussex GP Commissioning Association, Coastal West Sussex Federation and West Sussex County

Treatment of Women in Medea by Euripides (431 BC) Essay

Treatment of Women in Medea by Euripides (431 BC) - Essay Example Aristophanes, the contemporary writer of comedies, included several mocking references to Euripides' plays, including Medea, in his works. (March p32) One of the reasons was that Euripides tended to go against the tide by taking up the cause of groups, which had no voice of their own (women and slaves, for instance). We must remember that Medea itself was a play written about a woman by a man for men. Euripides chose a subject/character-that of Medea-which was well known to the Athenian theatre going public. However, he took some liberties with the story-with the specific horrific detail of Medea murdering her young sons, which is the pivot on which the audience's (lack of) sympathy for Medea rests. According to legend, Medea did not kill the children (March p35). But Euripides constructed his plot in this manner probably for intensifying the dramatic effect, but more likely to point out what a person who had no power to control her own life could do, if pushed to the corner. Tyro is unmarried and pregnant. She leaves her baby to die in the woods. This child-Pelias-was rescued by shepherds. Tyro marries Cretheus, son of Aeolus, and has three children. Later on, when Pelias returns, his mother accepts him back into the family. When Tyro's husband dies, Pelias seizes the throne of Iolcos, although it legitimately belongs to his half-brother, Aeson. When Pelias tries to get the sanction of the oracle for his deed, he is warned of danger from a descendant of Aeolus "with one sandal". Jason, grandson of Aeolus is sent away by Pelias. Jason grows to manhood and returns-he arrives, having swum across the river, losing a sandal in it. He then claims the throne which is rightfully his. Pelias decides to send Jason on a mission to avenge the death of Phrixus. So Jason sets out with his crew in his ship the Argo. They reach Colchis. Here he meets the king's daughter, Medea, and they fall in love. Medea helps Jason with her magical powers, to outwit her father and o btain the Golden Fleece. Medea, while fleeing from Colchis with Jason, does not hesitate to kill her brother, Absyrtus, throwing his limbs one by one into the water, in order to slow down her father, who stops to pick them up. Thus they escape to Greece. But when they reach Iolcos, they find that Pelias has murdered Jason's family. So she plays a trick on Pelias. She butchers an old ram, and boils it with some herbs, bringing forth a young lamb. So Pelias' daughters attempting to make their father young, cut him up and boil him in the pot. This is a trick played by Medea on them to kill Pelias. The people of Iolcos, however, do not want Jason to become king. So Medea and he flee to Corinth. The action of Medea, the play, takes place here, many years later. (Classics Pages)From the background information, it is evident that Medea dabbles in magic-she is a sorceress; she is

History of Tests & Measurements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

History of Tests & Measurements - Essay Example This essay will highlight five themes in the work of Kubiszyn and Borich (2010). Highlight on implications on the educational sector as well as teacher ability in relation to these tests will be focused on. It is evident that controversies have been witnessed in this filed. According to Kubiszyn and Borich (2010), educators need comprehensive and practical approaches for conducting assessments on their learners’ achievements and progress in the classroom setting. Their work is, therefore, one of the most comprehensive one, that teachers can incorporate in their classrooms to focus on the changes required in the classrooms. 2.0. Effects of tests on the Classroom Teacher Tests play a crucial role in the teaching and learning of concepts in the classroom setting. It is through tests that Shepard (2000) argues that teachers are able to keep track of the progress of his or her learners. Through tests, teachers are able to identify the weak points of their learners as well as their strengths. For instance, standardized tests are well known for the identification of learners’ strengths’ and weaknesses. ... Tests, according to McMillan (2000) are useful for determination of the best content to be covered by the learners. 3.0. Tests as Tools Analysts give varying views on the utility of tests, as a contributor of positive impacts in learning. Kubiszyn and Borich’s (2010), work indicates that tests are mere tools that are simply set to as a formality and no evidence can proof their validity. Not all students are in a position to understand the mechanics of all tests that are provided in the classroom. For instance, a well informed student may miss out a few particulars, in a particular test, and fail the entire exam. Does this mean that the student is a failure in that particular test or not? In this context, therefore, tests may not be regarded as useful means of assessments in the society. Tests, according to Burger & Krueger (2003) have an off-putting effect on the teaching and learning process. Tests administered during the learning process consume a lot of time that would have been used in covering the contents of the syllabus. Learners have acquired the skills of cramming certain tests used in learning process especially if they are aware that there is likelihood that those tests may be repeated at the end of the course. In short, tests overemphasize on the ability to learn fundamental skills by the learners instead of inculcating skills that will enable learners think critically and analyze situations in the society. In fact, statistics indicate that once tutors emphasize on teaching with the use of tests, there is likelihood, that learning records no change, though the scores of learning may escalate as a result of rote learning. In light to this argument, therefore, it is evident that tests cannot be indicated to be the best ways of

Demonstrative Communication Essay Example for Free

Demonstrative Communication Essay Communication is often defined as the transmission of sending and receiving messages; connecting with individuals through the exchange of messages, thoughts, speech, signals, behavior, or writing. Communication can be verbal or nonverbal, written or visual. Oral communication includes spoken words and writing dialogues. Not involving or using words of speech is known as nonverbal communication. Facial expressions, body posture, eye contact, or gestures are part of nonverbal communication. Written communication can be through e-mails, reports, articles and many other ways. Facial expressions are a form of demonstrative communication. Communicating includes different facial expressions, tone of voice, or body language to deliver the message. A smile is an example of a positive facial expression, and a frown will be viewed in a more negative manner. Some interpret a grin as arrogance, which obviously would have a negative effect. The audience could take this in the wrong manner and create an isolated situation. Depending on the subject that is being discussed it is up to the lecturer to bring out the right facial expressions. If the subject relies on a more serious matter, the lecturer should not frown but instead maintain a serious face to get the point across. If there is a sense of comedy in the discussion or presentation, the lecturer needs to maintain some laughter as well as smiling during the presentation. Body language is another form of demonstrative communication. Body language can push to be very successful in many situations including social interaction and communication with people. A negative type of body language would be someone crossing their arms. Even if the intention and words are still good, the body language over powers that and the audience still views this as a negative vibe. Another important and effective part of body language is eye contact. When lecturing to an audience, direct eye contact with the audience indicates confidence and a vast knowledge of the topic of discussion. Hand gestures and moving back and forth in front of an audience during a lecture can be helpful to keep the attention of the audience. These nonverbal forms of communication add to the message the lecturer is trying to get across. However, moving too much can cause a negative affect because it can cause a distraction. Nonverbal communication is very important to our communication process. Included in nonverbal communication are things such as facial expressions, gestures, eye contact, posture and even the tone of one’s voice. During a lecture, the speaker will use different methods to get with the audience, playing a big role as well will be one’s voice and how it is used to relay the message. One can change the tone and tempo of talking; and can connect with the audience more effectively. When we speak, other people can â€Å"read† our voices in addition to listening to our words. These nonverbal speech sounds provide subtle but powerful clues into our true feelings and intentions. When speaking to an audience maintaining the focus of the group is important. Raising our voice when losing the attention of the audience is a technique used to emphasize a particular point during a lecture. When a speaker talks in a monotone voice there is a chance of quickly losing the attention of the group the lecturer is speaking too and can cause to miss important parts of the lecture. Demonstrative communication as a sender means showing and saying what we want them to hear. By saying to the audience that the lecturer needs them to listen better, as the lecturer is looking at the phone is like saying one thing and showing the audience another, proving the distractions are not good for either side. Also it would be important not to have a big smile on one’s face or to look as if they are laughing. In contrast, by the lecturer telling the audience that they need them to listen better while looking them in the eye and being firm with the tone of voice and holding a straight and focused look, the lecturer is communicating to them via mouth, eyes, and tone of voice that the audience needs to listen and pay attention. Also during this communication, it would be good to expect feedback from the audience. This would show the audience that one is serious, and could show the lecturer if the audience is truly paying attention and show how well the audience will receive the information being communicated to them. The receiver would need to hold eye contact to show that they understand the information. In conclusion, creating the ability to understand and use nonverbal communication is very effective. Using body language to carry out positive feelings would help you express ones thought out to the public a little easier. Therefore, being able to communicate send and receive a massage thoroughly with the audience being able to understand. Using facial expressing such as body movement, eye contact is a very effective way to demonstrative communication. REFERENCES Cheesebro, T., O’Connor, L., Rios, F. (2010). Communicating in the workplace.

Destroy Coal Plants Before They Destroy the Environment

Destroy Coal Plants Before They Destroy the Environment Coal has been a huge part of our power industry, but things are changing. The Congressional Quarterly Researcher (CQR) from June 17, 2016 titled Coal Industrys Future discusses the likelihood of coal-fired power plants either maintaining their operation in the future or closing their doors for good. As of today, coal is a huge source of power for much of the world, but that could be changing in the near future. Many places are making the switch to more efficient, cleaner energy, such as wind, water, and solar power, and leaving coal-fired power plants in the dust. Due to the cost and harmfulness of burning coal, supporters of clean energy want to abandon its use, but the coal industry is fighting back. According to them, our power grid would be jeopardized without burning coal. There are numerous smaller issues highlighted in the CQR that exist within the main coal industry problem. For example, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ordered a ten percent reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from all coal plants by the year 2030. Many states and power companies have questioned whether the EPA is overstepping their boundaries and have taken the reduction to court. Also, about 40% of the coal in the United States is mined on public land through leases. The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) controls these leases, and they have currently made the decision to halt new leases. The BLM wants to reassess the value of leases based on things like fairness to taxpayers and pollution. Finally, when the coal companies shut their doors, they leave thousands of people unemployed, and this is a substantial blow to our economy. The coal industry is changing now, but it has always been steadily evolving throughout the past. In 1882, the Unites States first coal-fired power plant is opened in Manhattan. This began the legacy of coal that would power our country for over a century. In 1907, there are roughly 700,000 people employed in coal mines, and the number of mines peak at 3,242. In 1970, the Clean Air Act is passed. This started the long string of regulations to reduce the amount of pollution generated by burning coal. Making the decision to abandon coal for cleaner energy is a difficult decision, and many people have opinions. Among these people is President Elect, Donald Trump. Trump will soon be setting foot in the white house, and, as president, he has the power to drastically change the coal industry. In the QCR, Trump is quoted saying that he wants to bring back and save the coal industry. Siding with Trump is Luke Popovich, a spokesperson for the National Mining Association. Popovich believes that the coal industry can evolve to increase efficiency and reduce pollution. On the other hand is Mary Anne Hitt, the director of the Sierra Clubs Beyond Coal movement. Beyond Coal aims to close the doors of every coal plant in the United States to make the planet a cleaner place. The CQR also includes the question Should the federal moratorium on new coal leases be permanent? and two responses written for the CQR. Jeremy Nichols, the climate and energy program director at WildEarth Guardians, argues yes. He believes that cutting mining from federal lands will greatly reduce pollution and pave the way for a coal-free United States. Laura Sheehan, senior vice president of communications at the American Coalition for Clean Coal Electricity, argues no. In her opinion, an operation such as this would be too costly and would cripple the coal industry and its surrounding economy. All in all, I learned many things after reading the QCR. I think the we should continue to close coal plants. Cleaner, zero-emission alternatives are clearly the better choice because Im a firm believer that we should greatly reduce pollution. Just think. What would our planet look like today if the Romans started burning coal a thousand ago? I am fully aware that this will cause many issues, but its worth it. People will lose jobs, and people will lose money. Despite all this, we need to switch to clean energy because we cannot lose our planet.

Avian Influenza and Its Expected Ramifications Essay -- Disease/Disord

Over the past fifteen years H5N1 influenza (also known as Avian Flu or Bird Flu) has become a common topic of speculation and debate worldwide, causing quite a bit of confusion about its possible impacts on our society. At this point in time it is generally recognized by the international medical community that Avian Flu is bound to become a pandemic, most likely within the next ten years. Research on Avian Flu and its effects have led many scholars to make grave predictions of major global turmoil while a small portion of medical scientists remain skeptical, believing we will have enough time to thoroughly prepare for the outbreak. The one thing that nearly all health professionals seem to agree upon is that the avian flu will surely have a large impact on the development of humankind. To truly understand the threat of this disease and what we must do to prepare for it, we need to look at the issue from multiple angles and consider what the spread of a disease so lethal and so pron e to mutation would mean for our daily lives, health professionals, laws and government procedures, and of course the continuation of the human race. It is necessary in order to understand Avian Flu's impacts on society to first understand what H5N1 influenza is. Like any virus, influenza viruses cannot reproduce on their own the way bacteria can. Technically, viruses aren’t even alive because in order for them to reproduce, they must take over the living cell of another organism. This makes all viral diseases notoriously hard to cure because modern research has yet to reveal a medication or procedure that can kill a virus without killing its host. The best medications that we currently have available to treat viruses can only prevent the virus fro... ...pe.com/viewarticle/757540>. Swain, James C., Linda L. Chezem, Caroline S. Cooper, Kim B. Norris, Carolyn T. Ortwein, Ronald J. Taylor, Fred Wilson, Francis Schmitz, Daniel O'Brien, Clifford Reeves, Elaine Snyder, 13) Thomas, James C., and Siobhan Young. "Wake Me Up When There's a Crisis: Progress on State Pandemic Influenza Ethics Preparedness." American Journal of Public Health 101.11 (2011): 2080-082. ProQuest. ProQuest, 24 Jan. 2012. Web. 14 Apr. 2012. . 14) Thomas Rhatigan, Joseph A. Trotter, Christopher Billeter, and Lenzing Lahdon. "Guidelines for Pandemic Emergency Preparedness Planning: A Road Map for Courts." CDC.gov. Center for Disease Control, Apr. 2007. Web. 12 Apr. 2012. .

Sylvia Plath: A Search for Self :: Biography Biographies Essays

Sylvia Plath: A Search for Self      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The collective body of Sylvia Plath's poetry demonstrates definitively her mastery of her craft. Plath has been criticized for her overtly autobiographical work and her suicidal pessimism, however, close study reveals that her poetry transcends categorization and has a voice uniquely her own. As Katha Pollit concluded in a 1982 Nation review, "by the time she came to write her last seventy or eighty poems, there was no other voice like hers on earth" (Wagner 1). In works such as "Lady Lazarus," "Daddy," and "Morning Song," Plath relates her own painfully experiences in the form of dramatic monologues using a persona who eventually triumphs over adversity by regaining the self that had been lost before the struggle of the poem.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to Plath, the narrator of "Lady Lazarus" has "the great and terrible gift of being reborn . . . she is the Phoenix, the libertarian spirit" (Wagner 71). In compact three-line stanzas, the speaker sardonically comments on her unique ability and its implications. Her tone demonstrates her boredom towards the attention paid to her by "the peanut-crunching crowd." Unlike the Biblical Lazarus who is called forth from the grave by Jesus, Lady Lazarus is able to resurrect herself and so avoids the polarities of God and Lucifer. Neither of these figures is able to exact punishment for the atrocities that man heaps on man, so the speaker transfigures herself by reducing her body to ashes and reviving her life through flame. As Leonard Sanazaro points out, "This willfulness to arise and devour humankind in the form of a self-fulfilled deity points up the impotence of the traditional concepts of good and evil" (Wagner 90) Lady Lazarus transcends these boundaries.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The imagery used throughout the poem is associated with the treatment of the Jews by the Nazis in concentration camps during World War II. Plath addresses the inhumanity of the situation, using such phrases as "A cake of soap,/A wedding ring,/A gold filling" to represent a human being. Plath also alludes to the medical experimentation that was practiced by the Nazi doctors. Plath has often been criticized for relating her hardships to that of the Jews. After all, she grew up in a relatively stable and affluent home and received an excellent education; her suffering was in her mind. Plath said specifically that her poems had come:

Midsummer Night’s Dream Essay

Love is defined as an intense feeling of deep affection. In Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream love is tossed around significantly. For example, one day a young person may find themselves in love with one person and then wake up only to love someone else. It is supposedly done by magic. Magic and love inconstancy are the biggest themes expressed in the play. Love is toyed with by magic making it some supernatural power at the control of the mischievous fairies. The inconstancy of love shown through several sets of young lovers is the most powerful theme making the play a kindhearted comedy rather than a solid love story. The course of true love never did run smooth. † (Shakespeare 8) One of the young lovers, Lysander, sums up the whole theme of the play that love can never run its course without obstacles. Lysander falls in love with a young girl named Hermia who is loved by Demetrius. As if this love triangle isn’t enough, there is another girl named Helena who loves Demetrius and was previously engaged to him. Of course this couldn’t be it! Hermia’s father Egeus has sworn to make her a nun or even kill her if she doesn’t marry, in his eyes, the glorious Demetrius. This whole love pentagon is the epitome of the theme of love inconstancy. There is no option that would make everybody happy! Magic interferes making it an utterly baffling tale within the tale of loves inconstancy. Another problem involving love in the play is that of the soon to be wedded Theseus and Hippolyta. â€Å"Hippolyta, I wooed thee with my sword, and won thy love doing thee injuries; but I will wed thee in another key, with pomp, with triumph, and with reveling. † Hippolyta was a former Amazon and had her people conquered by Theseus. This reflects how Hippolyta truly feels about her engagement with Theseus, as she most likely opposes Theseus’s belief that love can be obtained by power. It is not truly known how Hippolyta feels toward the whole thing, as she has yet to come out and say anything; however, the reader gets the idea she isn’t nearly as thrilled as Theseus. The final set of lovers who find themselves in a typical husband and wife dispute. Oberon and Titania, king and queen of the fairies. They originally are in a meaningless quarrel over some little fairy, and Oberon is angered. Oberon calls for one of his fairies, Puck, to place a spell on Titania so that she falls in love with the first thing she sees. Quite the set up for the disaster! It ends up turning out better than Oberon could have ever hoped as Titania falls in love with a worthless peasant, Nick Bottom, who is funny enough dressed as an ass. Magic has once again turned love into something supernatural(for supernatural beings). â€Å"My Oberon what visions have I seen! Methought I was enamored of an ass. How came these things to pass? O, how mine eyes do loathe his visage now! †(Shakespeare 64) After Oberon eventually has the spell removed, Titania awakens only to realize that she has no idea what she was thinking and now is disgusted by him. These sets of lovers all had a role in the main theme of the inconstancy of love. The endings of all their problems are very much expected, as this aids the lightheartedness of the play rather than an unexpected moving love story. Magic ties it all together making love something controllable, and quite fun to mess with at that. Whether it be through the love pentagon of the five crazy Athenians, the powerful Theseus and his disconsolate, disapproving queen Hippolyta, or the problematic fairy rulers, Shakespeare does an excellent job using the theme of the inconstancy of love.

Essay – Bridging Brands and Borders: Trends and Tactics to Connect Global Brands with Asian Consumers

Bridging brands and borders: Trends and tactics to connect global brands with Asian consumers This article briefly states the idea of brand internationalization. Whether brands should localize themselves based on the tastes of the market or they should keep their identity intact. The author, Craig Briggs states that certain risk is involved when a global company tries and changes too much as per the local tastes.The articles also stresses on instances from the past on Global companies like Starbucks having a successful stint with the globalization, by modifying certain aspects of the product offered to match the consumer demands, but keeping the ethos of the company intact. Then the article moves in to focus on the aspects of customization and how they appear in four key areas, Functional Customization, Delivery Customization, Format Customization, and Perpetual Customization Facts the author uses for supporting the theory of customization: . Functional Customization: Frito lay chang ed the flavor of the chips to better cater to the taste preferences of the Chinese customer. Developing newer tastes the company has been successful brand, keeping the DNA of the brand intact. b. Delivery Customization: The author appropriately uses the facts about McDonalds and IKEA while stating the area of delivery customization. McDonalds has implemented home delivery options in India and China to make the consumer confortable in using the product from the home.IKEA ran the stores in Japan concentrating on the way Japanese homes are and also started a conveyance service between the major metro stations. This gave the consumer the opportunity to connect to the store more. c. Format Customization: The author appropriately supports the theory with instances about Coca Cola producing the smaller bottles to compete with the local competitor. d. Perpetual Customization: Godiva creating a luxury brand in China is a way in which the author provides information how customization is done in this area. This article provides strategies and tactics of brand adaptation for a global company.As mentioned in the book, branding is key to the success of the company. From the book, we could see how companies customize their products such as McDonalds customizing the burgers for the Indian market. Brand adaptation is crucial for a company otherwise the globalization process can slow down. This article strengthens the concept in the book about how decisions on globalization of the products can affect the brand image of the organization. The investments a company makes in customization of the company will increase the brand equity of the company.I could relate this article to the chapter in the book Branding and Product Decisions on Global Marketing as I see customization as a strategy to brand creation for a company going global. The author gives examples of the brand customization based on just four areas in countries like China and Japan. The author never mentions anything ab out whether these areas of customization can be applicable to Asia markets as a whole. I would have liked to know through the article about instances where these customizations have worked in the Middle East and the southeastern parts of Asia.Other than this I find the article provides a clear picture about the customization process and how it had worked in Asian Markets. The new concepts I learnt from the article is customization areas when the company is planning on creating a global brand or starting an operation in a new location, it has to look into the areas of customizations to match the demands of the location. The explanation of key areas of customization is the article is precise. My interpretation of the key areas of the customization is: Functional Customization: When a company changes the product to cater to the consumer’s tastes and preferences.E. g. can be McDonalds changed to include veggie burgers to match the taste of Indian consumers. Functional Customizati on allows the company to tweak the product, keeping the basis of the product intact. This goes well with the company’s modus operandi. Delivery Customization: Markets in Asia are used to home delivery concept. Global company’s implementing changes in their business model to implement delivery mechanism to satisfy the consumer needs is a exact example of delivery customization.Delivery customization is all about creating convenience through its key value proposition. Format Customization: This is an area of customization where the company creates a smaller version of the product to compete with the local competition. Companies, which enter a local market sometimes, are faced with local competitors who have a strong foothold in the market. To tackle this competition companies like Coca Cola came up with the smaller bottle that costs less and still keeps the brand of the company intact.Perpetual Customization: Perpetual Customization is when a company creates a sub brand for the luxury brand to cater to the niche consumer segment. This is an interesting article on the various aspects of customization and really puts into perspective the areas, which a company can look into while entering a market in ASIA. References: http://web. ebscohost. com/mobsmart/citations/citation? vid=4&hid=14&sid=bac33097-2f2f-40f7-b099-9c30003d24c0%40sessionmgr14&bdata=JkF1dGhUeXBlPSZzaXRlPW1vYnNtYXJ0LWxpdmU%3d#db=bth&AN=82945873

MGT599 MoD 5 Case Assign Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

MGT599 MoD 5 Case Assign - Essay Example In this paper, efforts have been made to understand whether various organizational components complement the primary strategy of the company and consequently suitable recommendations has been provided. Kraft Foods is an American company that primarily operates in North America and Canada and is one of the largest consumer packaged goods companies in the United States (US). The company was started in 1903 but it was re-launched in 2012 with a culture of collaboration and innovation. The company has a total of thirty brands selling different food items such as cheese, toppings, beverages, dressings, snacks and spreads. According to the company, at least ten brands of the company generate about $500 million in sales. The company is growing steadily and presently has approximately 22500 employees operating in the US and Canada (Kraft Foods Group, 2014a; 2014b). In this paper, the strategic position of the company along with its organizational design, organizational culture, human resource management and strategic system will be discussed in an elaborate manner. The rationale behind this attempt is to understand the efficiency of the strategy of the company and mitigate issues that are acting as barrier to strategy implementation in the company. It was ascertained from various published reports of Kraft Foods that the company has undergone major changes in recent years such as collaboration with McDonalds and multiyear licensing agreement with Keurig Green Mountain. It is assumed that such major decisions also have a strong impact on a company’s strategy and performance (Kraft Foods Group, 2014c; 2014d). The paper will evaluate various reports and articles about the company, for the purpose of analyzing various strategic developments in the company in recent years. By means of in-depth study, it is expected that the pertaining strategic issue of the company will be recognized so that appropriate recommendations can

Psychology (Clinical depression) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Psychology (Clinical depression) - Essay Example (Robinson, Berman, Neimeyer, 1990) Depression can appear at any age, but it is prevalent now among children and adolescents, especially when they are the offspring of adults with depression. It can also strike late in life and its symptoms of impaired memory, slow speech and slowed movement can be mistaken for those of senility or stroke. Psychological treatment of depression assists the depressed individual in several ways. First of all, it helps to ease the pain of depression with addressing the feelings of hopelessness that go along with depression. That supportive counseling changes the pessimistic ideas, unrealistic expectations, and critical self-evaluations that create depression and sustain it. A qualified therapist is to help the depressed person to recognize which life problems are critical, and which are minor, and to develop positive life goals, and a more positive self-assessment. At last, the problem solving therapy changes the areas of the person's life that are creating significant stress, and contributing to the depression. Here can be a good impact of behavioral therapy that is aimed to develop coping skills, or an impact of interpersonal therapy that assist in solving relationship problems. (Weissman M.M., Markowitz J.C., 1994) Unfortunately, in practice, many poorly trained therapists can't provide supportive counseling, that leads to little improvements in treating depression. Psychotherapy is said to be helpful while being a part of the overall treatment plan, because, as researches show that in many cases unless the depressed person with the assistance of a therapist makes critical life changes, the depression still continues. This is explained by the fact of existence of internal and external changes, when internal changes are connected with problem assessment, self-evaluation, the evaluation of others, and the expectations the depressed person has for himherself, others and about life. It is an internal factor of hisher personality where there is a need to be fastidious with oneself. External changes in this case may be needed in problem solving skills, stress management, communication skills, life management skills, and the skills needed to develop and sustain relationships. (Carlson, Martin and Buskwist, 2004) They are connected with the system 'person - environment', and development of one's interaction skills with the surrounding. The length of treatment will vary due to the severity of depression, the number and kind of life problems the person has to be solved. Many people tend to experience some relief within 6 or 10 sessions, while approximately 70-80% of the treated notice improvement only within 20-30 sessions. (Simon G.E., VonKorff M., Wagner E.H., Barlow W., 1993) Treatment sessions are usually scheduled once per week, that can be a rather unsatisfactory point for those who suffer from constant problems and need to be assisted more often. Many psychiatrists now doubt if therapy and cognitive training are as effective as dugs in the treatment of depression.

The Sovereign Community and the Future of Public Administration Essay

The Sovereign Community and the Future of Public Administration - Essay Example The sovereign community is defined by (Montague Bernard, The Neutrality of Great Britain during the American Civil War) â€Å"as primarily a definition of a sovereign state. We mean a community of number of persons permanently organized under a sovereign government of their own, and by a sovereign government we mean a government, however constituted, which exercises the power of making and enforcing law within a community, and is not itself subject to any superior government. These two factors, the one positive, the other negative, the exercise of power and the absence of superior control, compose the notion of sovereignty and are essential to it (Henry Maine, International Law).† Political science defines sovereignty as an essential of the state to be self-sufficient within the frame of a certain territory. This allows its supremacy in domestic policy and independence in foreign policy. Sovereignty has frequently been misused over the decades. Until the 19th century, the term was used to determine that certain peoples in the world were â€Å"uncivilized† and lacking organized societies. Sovereignty or the lack thereof was used as a term denoting inferior character when compared to â€Å"civilized† peoples.â€Å"There exists perhaps no conception the meaning of which it was introduced into political science until the present day, has never had a meaning which was universally agreed upon (Lassa Oppenheim).† Sovereignty has taken on many different meanings with the development of self-determination and prohibiting the threat of force against modern international law. The UN Charter, the Declaration of Rights and Duties of States, and the charters of regional international organizations feel that all states are judicially equal and have the same rights and duties based upon the fact of their mere existence as people under international law. The right of any nation to determine their own political status and sovereignty within the boundaries of their territorial jurisdictions is widely recognized. The word nation refers to a people who share common customs, origins and history; however, national and international frequently refer to matters of the sovereign states as in national capital and international law. However, state refers to governing and supportive institutions that have â€Å"sovereignty† or control over a defined territory and population. Currently the international comm unity consists of more than 200 sovereign states or countries and the United Nations represents most. The member’s states form a system that takes into account the behavior of the other states in making decisions. Using this point of view, the states participating in the international system face both internal and external security. The concept of the international community has established rules, procedures, and institutions that effect the conduct of their relations. This establishes a foundation for international law, diplomacy, formal regimes and organizations. Public administration is a form of organized rules that implement government policy, and an academic discipline that studies the policies and prepares civil servants for the work. The fundamental goal is to further management and policies so that the government can function. Public

Intrenational and Pacific Asian Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Intrenational and Pacific Asian Business - Essay Example This essay declares that China after this all crisis in the East Asian region, China created their stable position by performing the business activities in peaceful manner and by making good relations with the rest of the world. This paper makes a conclusion that after understanding and going through the whole situation, we can summarize that China being the world super power played a very vital role in the performance of the economy in East Asian region. They created their long term relationships with the rest of the world. Even when the USSR was split and Russian Federation came into being then even that time China established good relations with everyone. Their success is because they keep their policies and culture side by side. Their friendly attitude towards others and welcoming nature improved their market position. China faced great boom in the history but with every boom in the economy there is always a fall too. Good part was that China was able to gain the sustainable position in this world by its abilities and skills. On the other hand, Japan after the great natural disaster of Earthquake they improved their position in the market due to the crisis management strategy. International business in C hina is improved due to the cultural contexts. As China is the biggest market therefore internationally many firms try to establish their good reputation in their region and for this negotiation with Chinese people is another art because it is difficult to deal with China due to their cultural barriers.

Charlie Chaplin's Modern Times (1936) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Charlie Chaplin's Modern Times (1936) - Essay Example Chaplain, the producer of the movie, had a vision of scientific management in 1930 when the movie was produced. The era of 1930 was a period of economic misfortune, social struggles and industrial standardization (Tomlinson 660). The period’s culture was powerfully depicted by the entertainment of the thirties. In Modern Times film, the producer has constructed scenes wisely to portray his opinions of the period’s prominent management styles. The elements used in the workshop to produce the movie exhibit replaceability, standardization, specialization and centralization. These elements have been used intentionally by the producer to display criticism of classical management ideas. At the time the film was being produced, US was trapped in economic slouch that led to high unemployment rates, which consequently led to dwindling of corporate earnings. Because of these economic hardships, there came up unrelenting obsession due to the urge to save time and energy as a way of raising profit (Robinson 12). Industry leaders and business owners of the period began to turn to ever enlightening minds of scientists for help and profitability. During this time, there developed a strong consensus that math and science were the only solutions to the problems of the period. Scientists were progressing rapidly in their activities to make their labor effective and efficient. Unfortunately, for other humans within the labor force, during the scientific age had scientific views that led to great injustices. The Modern Times film unfortunately failed to suggest how employees can be managed as mechanized entities instead of just ordinary humans. Most scientific minds like Fredric k Taylor, managers and CEOs accepted and suggested classical management theorists to place proposals to work in their factories (Tomlinson 661). The Modern Times film has highlighted this aspect in brief. The film opens with a juxtaposition of a heard of crazed sheep with a street hustling with a mass

Same-Sex Marriage Essay Example for Free

Same-Sex Marriage Essay Gary Persinger and his partner Joseph Adams could only dream of the day they got married. They were together since high school and had spent ten long, happy years together. They brought joy into each other’s world and they were in love. Gary and Joseph dreamed of one day walking down the isle and getting married here in California, by the beautiful beach. They both planned out their wedding, envisioning the day their dreams would come true. On the way home one night, after a gay activist meeting, Gary and Joseph were in a terrible car accident. In the hospital were Joseph was dying, his last words to Gary were, â€Å"Never give up on our vision Gary, never give up. If I don’t make it, I want you to find someone else who deserves you, and makes you happy. Get married, Gary. Be happy!† Now, seven years after the tragedy, Gary thinks he has found the one who he can spend the rest of his life with. Gary and his new partner, Ryan Ashbelle, are continuing the vision were it was last left off. They eagerly plan every detail of their wedding hoping that one day, they can turn that vision that started off many years ago, into a reality. Same sex couples should be allowed to get married because they are being discriminated against, its their life and they would not be affecting anyone else, and they have the potential to build strong families. By not allowing same sex couples to get married, this democracy is discriminating against them. â€Å"The Defense Of Marriage Act, a 1996 law that specifically denies federal marriage rights to to same sex couples, is unconstitutional,† stated Aron Kase in his article, â€Å"Court Rules Defense of Marriage Act Unconstitutional.† Denying federal marriage rights to people simply because of their sexual orientation is a cruel discrimination that should not happening in this day and age. It is very similar to the discrimination in the 1900’s against colored people. In both cases, people are denied rights and not treated equally simply because of their differences. President Barack Obama does not support the Defense of Marriage Act. â€Å" Attorney General Eric Holder said President Barack Obama can no longer defend a federal law that defines marriage as only between a man and a woman,† stated the Huffington Post in their article, ‘’Obama: Defense Of Marriage Act Unconstitutional.’’ This country needs to obey the constitution, realize that we are all created equal, and allow gay marriage. Several parts of Europe have allowed gay marriage and give same sex couples federal marriage rights. If they can do it, why cant America? In his article â€Å"Should Gay Marriage Be Legal?† Nate Silver declared, â€Å" Same sex couples should have access to the same marriage benefits and public acknowledgement enjoyed by heterosexual couples and prohibiting marriage is an unconstitutional discrimination.† Its not fair to same sex couples if they cannot get married. Many same sex couples are heartbroken and devastated that they cannot get married and enjoy the many benefits that come with marriage. Some people argue that marriage should only be between an man and a woman. However, people need to realize that the world has changed over the years, and not everyone is â€Å"traditional† in that sense. This democracy needs to be more open minded. Same sex couples should be allowed to marry because its their life and they would not be affecting anyone. Some people are so against gay marriage when it would not even affect their life in any possible way. â€Å"People act as if their whole world would turn upside down if gays and lesbians get married. Gay marriage would not affect or harm anyone!† declared Brian Saldivar, a supporter of the gay and lesbian community, during his interview on gay marriage. Nobody should worry about other peoples’ relationships. If a homosexual couple want to get married, its their business and nobody should try and stop them from being happy. People should not be nosy and interfere with a couples’ personal life. â€Å"Its my life and I should be in control of it!† stated Saldivar. It is not okay for this democracy to dictate the lives of gays and lesbians by telling them what they may and may not do. So far, same sex couples have been relatively calm about the situation, but it wont always be just banners and protesting. Either this democracy allows same sex marriage, or one day, they will all rebel. When Spain allowed same sex marriage, Spanish Prime Minister Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero said they were â€Å"Expanding the opportunities of happiness for our neighbors, colleagues, friends and family.† America should do the same and let same sex couples enjoy their lives happily and peacefully. Gays and lesbians are people too, and this democracy cannot keep treating them differently and stand in their way of happiness. Some people mistakingly believe that by allowing same sex marriage, society will be destroyed. The truth is that it can only make society stronger because it will bring happiness to millions and millions of people and they will all feel ac cepted, and a part of society. Same sex couples should be allowed to get married because they have the potential to build strong families. â€Å"Most research studies show that children with two moms or two dads fare just as well as children with heterosexual parents,† said Dr. Deanna Linville in her article, â€Å"Same Sex Parents and Their Children.† Children love their parents as long as the parents take good care of them. Children do not care if their parents are gay or straight. All same sex couples can be wonderful parents. With the right environment and care, children can grow up just as good in a same sex couple household. â€Å"Where research differences have been found, same sex parents have sometimes been favored. For example, adolescents with same sex parents have reported feeling more connected at school. Another study reported that children from same sex households are more likely to talk about emotionally difficult topics. They are often more resilient, compassionate, and tolerant,† said Dr. Deanna Linville. Homosexual parents are more inclined to teach their kids not to be judgmental or ignorant because they know what it feels like to be discriminated against. Children with same sex parents are a lot kinder that children from traditional households. â€Å"In the 5 states that recognize and perform gay marriage, the number of divorces in 2009 was 41% of marriages,† stated Danielle Kurtz-Leben in her article, â€Å"Divorce Rates With Same Sex Marriages.† The heterosexual divorce rate is about 50%. It is far more than the homosexual divorce rate, therefore there re more unhappy children who belong to heterosexual couples. Divorce has a huge, negative affect kids, and way less kids with same sex parents experience it. The uneducated believe that same sex couples cannot make good parents. The truth is however, that they can be just as good, if not better, than heterosexual couples. Same sex couples are discriminated against because they are denied federal marriage rights. They should be allowed to marry because its their life and they would not affect anybody. Same sex couples should be allowed to marry because they can build strong families. Imagine if you could never marry the person you love, and your church did not support your relationship. This democracy and church both treat you as if you were not equal and made you feel guilty for loving the other person. How would you feel if you could never get married? If this democracy allowed people to get married, then the country would be filled with happier people and it would be a better, more peaceful place. Become a supporter of the gay and lesbian community and help stop this cruel injustice! Works Cited Deliberating in a Democracy. â€Å"Marriage and the States†. Constitutional Rights Foundation Chicago 2009. http://www.deliberating.org. The Huffington Post. â€Å"Obama: Defense of Marriage Act Unconstitutional†. Huffingtonpost.com. 25May2011. 24Aug2012. http://the huffingtonpost.com Kase, Aron. â€Å"Court Rules Defense of Marriage Act Unconstitutional†. Lawyers.com. 31May2012. 24Aug2012. http://lawyers.com/2012/05 Kurtzleben, Danielle. â€Å"Divorce Rates Lower With Same Sex Couples†. Usnews.com 6July2011. 24Aug2012. http://usnews.com/divorce-rates-lower-with-same-sex-couples Linville, Deanna. â€Å"Same Sex Couples And Their Children†. Aamf.org. 08Aug2011. 24Aug2012. http://aamf.org Plain, Patrick. â€Å"US Gay Marriage law Unconstitutional†. Newsday.com. 31July2012. Aug242012. http://newsday.com Saldivar, Brian. Personal Interview. 24Aug2012. Silver, Nate. â€Å"Should Gay Marriage Be Legal?† Procon.org. 10Aug2012. 24Aug2012. http://gaymarriage.procon.org. Zmith, Marlene. â€Å"How to do Citations†. Englishhelp.com. 17July2001. Aug2001 http://www.englishhelp.com/citations

Desire to be disabled: Body Integrity Identity Disorder

Desire to be disabled: Body Integrity Identity Disorder Body Integrity Identity Disorder (BIID) is a rare phenomenon in which individuals desire to become disabled through the amputation of fully functioning limbs. BIID is described as the disparity between the individuals perception of their body and the actual form of their physical body (Bayne Levy, 2005). Other psychological disorders and classifications have been linked to BIID, including Gender Identity Disorder, Body Dysmorphic Disorder, and Hypochondriasis. The neurological origins of BIID are unknown at this time, and treatment of this condition through elective amputation is highly controversial. As a clinical audiologist, it is important to recognize symptoms of BIID in patients, as well as being aware of the possible treatment of BIID through vestibular testing. Arguments for and against elective amputation will also be discussed, as well as differential diagnoses of BIID. Audiology and BIID As a clinical audiologist, coming into contact with a patient who has Body Integrity Identity Disorder (BIID) is rare. However, the possibility does exist and it is important to understand the characteristics if one should encounter a BIID patient. The awareness of BIID in the audiology field can come into play concerning treatment of BIID, with one possible option incorporating aspects of vestibular testing. Body Integrity Identity Disorder John first took leftover prescription painkillers and numbed his left foot in ice water to reduce impending pain. He then buried his foot in dry ice for six hours to induce severe frostbite and force surgeons to operate (Adams, 2007). The previous insert from William Lee Adams article, Amputee Wannabes, describes a 33-year-old mans wish for amputation of his foot. There was nothing physically or medically wrong with this limb; John only stated that he did not feel comfortable with his own body and felt as though his foot was not a part of him. After causing severe frostbite to spread throughout his foot, Johns leg was amputated above the knee. Post-surgery, he went on to describe that the operation resolved his anxiety and allowed him to be at ease in his own body (Adams, 2007). What causes someone to desire amputation of a healthy limb? This desire was first reported by French surgeon Jean-Joseph Sue in 1785 (Lawrence, 2006). However, this delusion only began to receive public attention in the early 2000s due to the increase in documented cases. Soon thereafter, a psychiatric condition titled Body Integrity Identity Disorder (BIID), previously known as Amputee Identity Disorder (AID), became the more favorable diagnosis for these individuals. Currently, it is estimated that only a few thousand people worldwide are afflicted with BIID (Henig, 2005). BIID is described as a disparity between the individuals perception of their body and the actual form of their physical body (Bayne Levy, 2005). A common complaint of these individuals is that the limb is alien and feels as though it is not part of them. Remarkably, those with BIID are often free of psychological issues, outside of their desire for amputation. Many are of normal intelligence, have families, and hold jobs such as lawyers, professors, and doctors (Henig, 2005). So what triggers these seemingly normal individuals to desire amputation? The neurological origins of this disorder are unknown, yet those with BIID share similar backgrounds. Most are exposed to an amputee at a young age, usually before they are 4 years old, and the fascination stems from this encounter. They begin to experience discomfort with their own bodies, and the delusion is full-blown by the time they reach puberty. As the leading BIID researcher at Columbia University, Michael First believes that these individuals encounter an amputee while they are still in the developmental stage in which normal individuals come to accept the existence of their own arms and legs. He believes the sight of an amputee prevents such acceptance (Adams, 2007). Although the neurological cause of BIID is unidentified, many associations have been made between BIID and other psychoses in order to narrow down the diagnosis. Whether this disorder occurs because of a single experience during childhood, or stems from a combination of other psychological conditions, it is important to discuss other closely related diagnoses of BIID. Differential Diagnoses of BIID Some professionals, such as Michael First, have suggested that BIID may involve a similar psychological desire as is seen in Gender Identity Disorder (GID), better known as transsexualism (Lawrence, 2006). GID is a condition in which wrong embodiment is the main concern. More commonly, a male patient feels as though they are a female trapped in a males body. In both BIID and GID, dissatisfaction with ones own body occurs because their body part in question disagrees with their perceived sense of self (MÃ ¼ller, 2009). This displeasure, as well as the desire for amputation, is the commonality of BIID and GID. Similarities also exist between BIID and a condition known as Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD). The desired outcome of those with BDD is also amputation, but these individuals mistakenly believe that a part of their body is disease-ridden or remarkably ugly. BDD ties in closely to anorexia nervosa, being that they are both delusions based on misguided perceptions of ones own body (Bayne Levy, 2005). On the contrary, the only grounds for amputation for those with BIID revolved around the fact that the body part felt foreign, despite the individuals knowledge that the limb was perfectly healthy. Desiring a Disability Individuals who are suffering with BIID have also been associated with individuals who desire to become disabled, or truly believe they are disabled or sick when they are not. One such disorder is known as Hypochondriasis, with the term hypochondriac being used more often for these individuals. Hypochondriasis is a psychiatric disorder where an individual constantly fears that they have or, at some point, will have a serious disease, even when there is no medical proof or diagnosis (Hypochondriasis, 2002). These individuals misinterpret their physical feelings as symptoms of a serious disease, similarly to those with BIID who misinterpret their healthy body part as not being part of them. Symptoms that hypochondriacs face are also similar to those with BIID, including severe anxiety and depression. Hypochondriacs are not fabricating their symptoms, and become extremely concerned with minor problems such as excessive sweating, dizziness, and occasional tinnitus (Hypochondriasis, 2002) . Hypochondriasis can also be as socially debilitating as BIID, in that it also causes individuals to not function at work or in their daily lives. Another phenomenon associated with the desire to be disabled is known as non-organic hearing loss (NOHL). NOHL is described as responses to a hearing test indicating a deficit greater than can be explained by organic pathology (Austen Lynch, 2004). Some motives for NOHL behavior include monetary and personal gain, such as being involved in a car accident and fabricating a hearing loss as a conjunctive injury. However, not all individuals who are labeled as NOHL are malingering; some truly believe they have a hearing loss, or do not respond to the audiological testing even though their hearing sensitivity is normal. There are also those known as deaf wannabes, who, much like amputee wannabes, desire to belong to a community that is based on the disability or disorder. Deaf wannabes may have grown up in the deaf community, and although they have normal hearing sensitivity, wish to be deaf themselves. Overall, these conditions listed above may or may not be exclusive. An individual may not suffer from desired amputation based solely on the condition of BIID, BDD, or GID alone. Rather, they may suffer from a variety of combinations of these disorders, including Hypochondriasis and NOHL. With NOHL as a possible association, audiologists may be included in the group of professionals who interact and help with the treatment of these patients. That being said, the associations of these disorders and the knowledge that they are closely linked may lead to the best possible diagnosis of individuals who suffer from a desired disability. Arguments in Favor of Healthy Limb Amputation Many individuals who suffer with BIID believe that amputation is the only option. Upon learning of BIID, most people would consider it a psychotic disorder that by no means should be solved through elective amputation. However, the argument for permission of amputation by surgeons has been strongly considered. Individuals with BIID often feel desperate, and if this frustration continues it may lead to dangerous behaviors. These behaviors may include self-inflicted wounds, causing infection of these wounds, and burning a limb to injure it beyond repair in order to provoke amputation. Furthermore, these individuals may go as far as carrying out amputation on their own if a surgeon will not do it. Between 1997 and 1999, elective amputations were allowed in the United Kingdom in order to avoid these hazardous behaviors of individuals with BIID. However, such operations were quickly banned after they caught the attention of the public (Sorene et al., 2006). In order to minimize the harm t hat these individuals may inflict on themselves, amputation of healthy limbs by competent surgeons may be a viable option. Another argument for the amputation of healthy limbs would be that an individual has the right to alter ones body in the pursuit of acceptance and happiness (Jotkowitz Zivotofsky, 2009). Similar to those who undergo cosmetic surgery, as well as those who have had surgery due to Gender Identity Disorder, individuals with BIID are unsatisfied with their physical appearance and desire a change. Although both cosmetic surgery and GID surgery also encounter many arguments against altering ones appearance or gender, they are nationally recognized as an accepted medical practice. If these types of surgery are allowed to improve ones body image, then elective amputations may not be far-removed from these common practices. A final argument for the amputation of healthy limbs is the possible therapeutic effects that may occur post-surgery. Bayne and Levy (2005) describe this argument in four stages: (1) the individual suffers because of their condition; (2) amputation is expected to provide relief from this suffering; (3) less-serious approaches and treatments will not bring about this relief; and (4) the severity of amputation is minimal compared to finding relief of this disorder. Some individuals who are afflicted with BIID have stated that their condition has interfered with their social lives (Bayne Levy, 2005), including their jobs and leisure activities. These individuals do have valid emotions and are truly suffering from an internal crisis, so regardless of the diagnosis of BIID, psychological intervention is necessary. Also, seeing as some BIID individuals go to extreme measures in order to reach liberation from their unwanted limbs, the therapeutic effects may be reason enough to allow healt hy limb amputations. Arguments against Healthy Limb Amputation Without question, the allowance of healthy limb amputations by surgeons would inevitably be met by resistant forces. Society is likely to lead these arguments with feelings of repugnance and disgust. In the case of individuals who have lost limbs from accidents or disease, the thought of amputating a fully functioning limb is appalling. Paddy Rossbach, the president of Amputation Coalition of America, stated that Its very difficult for people who have been through what they consider to be a devastating life experience to understand why anybody would want to mutilate himself in this way, (Henig, 2005). Others who suffered unwanted amputation often say that the existence of BIID diminishes what they have been going through emotionally. Desired amputation will meet public disdain, and those who have experienced unwanted amputation will undoubtedly be at the forefront. An additional argument against healthy limb amputations is the life-threatening consequences of such operations. According to MÃ ¼ller (2009), the principle of nonmaleficence states that physicians should not perform amputations without medical necessity. Such amputations often have severe consequences besides causing the individual to be disabled, including infection, phantom pains, thrombosis, paralysis, and necrosis (MÃ ¼ller, 2009). Furthermore, such operations may not be successful at bringing about the desired relief. In some cases, desire for a new amputation of a previously accepted limb may follow the first operation (Hilti Brugger, 2010). Amputation causes irreversible damage that may not heal properly, and if the operation is not justified based on life-saving measures, permission of such operations may never be accepted. Possible Treatment: Vestibular Caloric Testing? A final argument against healthy limb amputations is the possibility of vestibular caloric stimulation as a treatment option for BIID. Although the neurological cause of BIID is unknown, one speculation is the involvement of the right parietal lobe. Evidence of somatoparaphrenia, or the belief that part of ones own body is not their own, has been documented in cases of right parietal lobe stroke patients (MÃ ¼ller, 2009). Neuroscientists Vilayanur Ramachandran and Paul McGeoch suggested that the right parietal lobe may also be involved in BIID patients, with supportive evidence that most who desire amputation show a left-side preference, as well as an emotional rejection of their unwanted limb (MÃ ¼ller, 2009). The speculation that vestibular caloric stimulation (specifically left-ear cold water irrigation) may be a treatment option for BIID is based on its known temporary treatment of somatoparaphrenia. Benefits of caloric stimulation over amputation include less-expensive treatme nt, lack of side effects, and immediate results showing if the treatment is working or not (Ryan, 2009). Overall, a trial of vestibular caloric stimulation should be the first step in treatment of BIID, and a clinical audiologist would perform this type of testing. For this reason, knowledge of BIID and the expertise to deal with these types of patients is important for audiologists to understand. Although caloric testing has not been proven to relieve BIID patients of their suffering, and the effects on bodily awareness may disappear as soon as the caloric stimulation has stopped, it is a less drastic approach that has been speculated to be successful. In Conclusion The limited knowledge of BIID as a valid psychological condition, as well as causes and treatments, is a barrier to finding some sort of relief for these individuals. Whether or not elective amputation is the solution for patients with BIID, the drastic decision to remove ones limb forever should not be made until more is known regarding BIID. Regardless of the background and probable causes of this disorder, individuals are still suffering daily from the notion that a body part is not their own. Intervention is necessary for BIID patients, whether it be vestibular testing by an audiologist, or other therapeutic remedies. Physicians should perform a thorough diagnostic evaluation when encountering a patient with BIID. Prior to causing irreversible damage to that individuals body, other treatment options and therapy should be researched.